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Peer reviewedBarone, Diane – Urban Education, 1995
Reviews the research on cocaine use and its effect on newborns; examines the popular misconceptions, including the background of children who are exposed; and discusses interventions. The author concludes with a discussion about looking beyond prenatal drug exposure and focusing on the child. Studies looking at these children longitudinally are…
Descriptors: Academic Ability, Black Youth, Child Development, Child Health
Peer reviewedHeagarty, Margaret C. – Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 1990
Addresses the causes for and implications of infant mortality. Besides the more immediate causes such as disease, nutrition, and lifestyle, there are the additional hurdles of government bureaucracy, lack of funds, and institutional attitudes that block access to prenatal care. Suggests structural solutions, including a consistent, individual,…
Descriptors: Birth Weight, Change Strategies, Child Health, Crack
Direct linkGladen, Beth C.; Rogan, Walter J. – Psychology in the Schools, 2004
D.V. Cicchetti, A.S. Kaufman, and S.S. Sparrow (this issue) examine various technical issues related to six studies of perinatal PCB exposure and neurodevelopment and one study of adult PCB exposure and motor function. They raise questions about possible imperfections of the studies, but many of their assertions are unsupported or frankly…
Descriptors: Validity, Psychomotor Skills, Child Health, Prenatal Influences
Hebben, Nancy – Psychology in the Schools, 2004
The seven cohort studies of the relation between prenatal and postnatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to cognitive, neuropsychological and behavioral development have suggested that exposure to PCBs can cause persistent changes in cognitive functioning. D.V. Cicchetti, A.S. Kaufman, and S.S. Sparrow (this issue) apply six scientific…
Descriptors: Data Analysis, Validity, Statistical Significance, Child Health
Cicchetti, Domenic V.; Kaufman, Alan S.; Sparrow, Sara S. – Psychology in the Schools, 2004
In this paper we address the points raised by groups of scientists who were invited to respond to our initial critique of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) research in this special issue. In that article, we applied six objective criteria to more than two decades of published PCB research and concluded that much of the research was badly flawed. The…
Descriptors: Probability, Evaluation Criteria, Beliefs, Toxicology
Peer reviewedRudigier, Anne F.; And Others – Children Today, 1990
Increase in number of children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and consequential developmental disabilities of these children are discussed. Families caring for HIV-infected children express four recurrent themes: psychological stress, grief and mourning, guilt and self-blame, and isolation and fear of discrimination. Flexible…
Descriptors: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Child Health, Child Welfare, Cocaine
Weisglas-Kuperus, Nynke; Vreugdenhil, Hestien J. I.; Mulder, Paul G. H. – Psychology in the Schools, 2004
The aim of the review of D.V. Cicchetti, A.S. Kaufman, and S.S. Sparrow (funded by the General Electric Company; this issue) is to "evaluate [the] literature relating the effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) upon neurobehavioral, health-related, and cognitive deficits in neonates, developing infants,…
Descriptors: Psychiatry, Neonates, Validity, Psychomotor Skills
Rice, Deborah C. – Psychology in the Schools, 2004
This invited response to the paper by D.V. Cicchetti, A.S. Kaufman, and S.S. Sparrow (CKS), and the responses by the investigative teams of the studies criticized by them, addresses specific errors of logic and interpretation by CKS, and integrates comments made by the study investigators. CKS provide a flawed analysis of the literature on the…
Descriptors: Validity, Psychomotor Skills, Child Health, Prenatal Influences
Winneke, Gerhard; Walkowiak, Jens; Kramer, Ursula – Psychology in the Schools, 2004
This paper comments on a critical review of cohort studies on PCB-related neurodevelopmental deficit in young children by D.V. Cicchetti, A.S. Kaufman, and S.S. Sparrow (CKS). Major points of criticism of CKS, namely alleged violation of statistical principles, presumed lack of clinical significance of findings, and alleged insufficient control of…
Descriptors: Epidemiology, Criticism, Statistical Inference, Validity
Jacobson, Joseph L.; Jacobson, Sandra W. – Psychology in the Schools, 2004
In this paper, we respond to the criticisms and concerns raised by D.V. Cicchetti, A.S. Kaufman, & S.S. Sparrow (this issue) in their review of the PCB literature, with particular attention to our own research in Michigan. We agree that multiple comparisons and functional significance are issues that would benefit from more discussion.…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Validity, Psychomotor Skills, Risk
National Commission To Prevent Infant Mortality, Washington, DC. – 1990
Trends during the 1980s are described including high infant mortality, no decline in low birthweight percentages, an increase in the black-white infant mortality gap, more high-risk pregnancies, and inadequate prenatal care. Inadequate progress in reducing infant mortality is attributed in part to the limited technological ability to save…
Descriptors: At Risk Persons, Birth Weight, Child Health, Disabilities
