Literacy is not an end in itself; the real concern is that illiterate people do not have access to the knowledge and skills that can improve their situation. Literacy education should be tied to a process of economic development. (SK)

Provides a history of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Micronesia) and describes its educational system. (FL)

Attempts to discover how and why community development has been used in the past, and to formulate some ideas on prospects for community development in the future. (CT)

This paper begins by providing a thorough history and review of the diffusion of innovations research tradition. It then focuses on undesirable, indirect, and unanticipated consequences of innovations based on the dominant paradigm of development. In the case of high-input agriculture, the consequences have affected the quality of the environment…

This handbook explores Europe's nonprofit nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that have been working for change in South Africa and now are engaged, or planning to engage in the economic, social, and human resource development of a democratic South Africa. The purposes of the document are to: (1) illuminate for both donor agencies and groups…

Argues that the Carnegie, Ford, and Rockefeller Foundations' overseas programs and development strategies after 1945 were frequently coordinated by intermediate organizations established or funded by one of the foundations and that these programs and strategies were neither exclusively humanitarian in purpose nor apolitical. (NEC)

Describes the experiences of a vocational agriculture teacher who worked for four years with rice farmers in Indonesia. Suggests reasons why changes in farming practices are hard to bring about in developing nations. (LRA)

Discussion of language planning focuses on a study that addressed the effects of the introduction of Portuguese as the official language by the newly independent government of Mozambique on a target audience that spoke eight various other languages. Relationships between national language policies and popular language usage are discussed. (37…

The practical usefulness of H. S. Bhola's models for planned change is questioned through speculations on problems that would have arisen if the models had been applied in arranging an Inter-American Development Bank technical assistance project in Barbados. (PP)

Examines the extent to which the modern educational systems operating in the Third World reinforce dependency. Raises questions about foreign aid to education (i.e., capital and technical assistance), language and training, and the way dependency is reproduced and perpetuated in education. Offers suggestions for increasing educational relevance.…

Veraguas province, Panama, is an example of the need to have generalists, not specialists, deal with the interrelated aspects of rural areas in developing nations. Intricate connections between living standards, agricultural production, market and credit structures, land tenure, the political system, the social structure, education, health,…

The importance of training in the technology transfer process is discussed, with special consideration to conditions in developing countries. Also considered is the role universities can play in training to promote technology transfer. Advisors on training and curriculum development are needed to introduce a new technology. Training farmers to…

Discusses the concept of gatekeepers in the area of information and culture and presents a model for the information-seeking behavior of ethnolinguistic gatekeepers. Highlights include information needs and use models; information inequity in information and retrieval programs; affective and cognitive domains; and research implications for…

The failure of many international development projects is prompting project planners and implementers to reexamine the process of technological transfer between countries. This process involves one culture imposing change upon another in such a way that the recipient culture not only accepts the change but also adopts it as its own and expands…

Focusing on the third world nations, this paper discusses the need for global education and presents a teaching model which involves students in contemporary world problems. As background information, terms are defined, third world efforts during the last twenty years to equalize the distribution of the world's wealth are traced, and contemporary…