A brief debate on the effectiveness of busing. (CM)

Busing is not effective in promoting school integration. The only way to achieve school integration is through equal funding to all schools. (Author/MC)

Historical overview considers the role of transportation in education before 1954, when school busing was used to improve education by consolidating rural schools and centralize effort in urban schools, and after the 1954 Supreme Court decision that racially segregated schools were inherently unequal. Different attitudes toward forced busing are…

The same parents who send their children great distances to private schools espouse the sanctity of the neighborhood school and protest busing. The real issues are racism and poverty. Until we come to grips with the education of the poor, all desegregation plans become useless exercises. (Author/SJL)

This article focuses on the use of compulsory busing to achieve school integration. The effects of busing on Black self-concept, academic achievement, student teacher relationships, resegregation of Black students by tracking in integrated schools, and community attitudes are examined. (Author/MC)