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Direct linkO'Brien, Jim – Professional Development in Education, 2011
This paper reflects on the development of teacher continuing professional development (CPD) in Scotland, a constituent part of the United Kingdom that now has significant devolved powers within the United Kingdom--from a time when INSET was ill-coordinated and unvalued to the present reliance on CPD, with substantial investment, as the agent of…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Professional Development, Teaching Methods, Professional Continuing Education
Xu, Jing – Frontiers of Education in China, 2008
Over the past decade higher education reforms in most European countries have been oriented towards creating a European Higher Education Area which is envisaged in the "Bologna Declaration." Based on an illustration of a variety of difficulties encountered higher education institutions in a wide range of participating countries, this…
Descriptors: Higher Education, Educational Change, Foreign Countries, Barriers
