The Supreme Court, in "Vernonia School District 47J versus Acton," ruled that a school district's policy authorizing random urinalysis drug testing of student-athletes did not violate the Fourth Amendment. Discusses the decision and why such a policy is permissible under the Fourth Amendment's prohibition against unreasonable searches…

Addresses the Fourth Amendment constitutional challenges facing high school student-athlete drug testing programs and applies the findings in the U.S. Supreme Court decision in the "Vernonia versus Acton" case, the first drug-testing case involving high school student athletes to be decided by the Court, by recommending 12 safeguards…

Addresses the question of institutional duty of care in college sports. Asks if the Supreme Court's decision in "Vernonia," which held that random, suspicionless urinalysis testing of student-athletes is allowed, gives college officials a free hand in conducting random, suspicionless searches for college athletes and nonathletes alike.…

In "Acton," the Supreme Court upheld a local school board policy calling for the random, suspicionless drug testing of interscholastic student athletes. The Supreme Court reasoned that student athletes have a low expectation of privacy; the scope of the search was relatively unobtrusive; and the program served an important government…