The literature on reform indicates that most proposed reforms are not implemented. Some causes of this are explored and it is suggested that many causes are located at the interfaces between politicians, planners, bureaucrats, and educators. The key persons capable of ameliorating the problems are professional planners and senior bureaucrats.…

Suggests that the most acute problem in educational planning is the confusion about the nature, purpose, and relevance of education. Argues that education should be viewed as a field of hypothesis about the future. Includes the importance of knowledge and know-how, education versus educational systems, and social versus educational planning. (DK)

Claims all African governments seek to modify their inherited colonial system of education to meet the needs of an emerging nation, and those efforts produce a reform document but do not result in reform. States attention must be given to education reform, resources, structures, determiners of change, management, and implementation methods. (NL)

Analyzes the planning and impact of distance education programs. Discusses the use of systems analysis as a basic planning instrument and examines two subsystems illustrating its use. Concludes that distance education is an economical alternative to traditional classes in both developed and developing countries. (GEA)

Discusses the debate surrounding the education of gifted students in Hungary, examining whether an elitist or a democratic solution should be adopted. Considers the educational past, current problems, and psychological and pedagogical issues. Concludes that the best solution would be a democratic system that minimized social inequalities. (GEA)

Explores the question of how guidance and job-finding services can be improved. Notes that guidance has the underlying goals of efficient use of human resources and the insurance of equity in access to opportunities. Examines methods, accessibility of services, new technologies, and community support relative to guidance activities. (KO)

Discusses the inherent conflict in the efforts of guidance practitioners to attend to the need of society for order while fostering equity in access to vocational and educational opportunities. Considers different levels of linkages between guidance services and describes some efforts at developing them. Illustrates principles for linking by…

Discusses the establishment of the International Institute for Educational Planning and its role in educational development. Traces the changing attitudes concerning education as a force for progress. Reports on an international workshop designed to address educational problems and planning issues. Includes workshop themes, concerns, and…

Argues history and philosophy of education, comparative education, and pedagogy are of enormous importance to basic teacher training and preparation programs. Describes the state of educational research in Spain that is undergoing rapid expansion. Claims comparative education is an effective means of improving world education systems. (NL)

Considers some of the ways guidance in career decision-making can meet the needs of students. Explores the use of a computerized system as a tool in guidance activities. Emphasizes the importance of information and understanding for students. Makes suggestions for improving guidance in countries which have minimal data resources. (KO)

States comparative education is a significant academic activity, noting that wide lists of periodicals on comparative education are published in multiple languages. Protests narrowing and defining the field too conservatively. Gives a comprehensive analytical framework for comparative studies and stresses the key factor is a sharp focus in…

Questions past educational research and its effect on policy making and educational practice. Asks whether education is a scholarly pursuit, science, or art. Expresses concern that instruction of educational methods has a detrimental effect on knowledge of the field. Claims actual classroom teaching must be guided by research, a body of…

Identifies socioeducational research problems in Latin America, relating them to colonialism's legacy. Contends confusion over development goals impairs setting research priorities; reliance on Western research paradigms impedes developing indigenous models; and, for research to have impact on education, decision makers must have more access to…