Reflects on a personal relationship with Freire, Brazilian politics, Freire's exile, and its influence on his philosophy. (SK)

Preoccupied with political and economic problems, new governments in Eastern Europe place a low priority on adult education. However, without education in new ways of thinking about citizenship, the promise of the democratic revolutions will not be fulfilled. (SK)

Secondary and postsecondary distance education is a possible solution to the lack of educational opportunities for refugees. Essential to its effectiveness are qualified teachers, adequate physical facilities, and teaching-learning resources. (SK)

African National Congress members in exile in Tanzania established the Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College as a secondary school and community education center, seeking to continue the education of exiled South Africans while preparing them for liberation struggles. (SK)

The European Community must develop policies regarding a number of challenges: free circulation of people across borders, disadvantaged regions, economic restructuring, access to vocational education, and cooperation with Eastern Europe. (SK)

Since the "velvet revolution," different educational trends have arisen in Czech and Slovak republics. Slovakia has retained some centralization and state subsidies whereas, in the Czech Republic, education is more open to market forces. (SK)

Lack of education, low environmental awareness, and environmental racism (for example, siting toxic waste dumps in certain communities) contribute to the degradation of the environment in South Africa. Educational initiatives include learning from nature and fostering political action. (SK)

Political changes in Poland are affecting the educational sector. There is a need for regulation in adult education, and the polycentric model is shifting government responsibility for education from financial support to political and moral oversight. (SK)

A Canadian involved in trade union education reflects on the application of Freire's ideas in his work and the ways in which the labor movement has diverged from these ideas. (SK)

Social divisions of gender, class, race, ethnicity, and religion constitute a structure of power disparities that influences the form and content of literacy programs in developing nations. Adult educators have a social responsibility to identify how literacy activities may be reinforcing unjust or unequal societies. (SK)