Teaching about the U.S. Constitution must enable students to appreciate the meaning of the U.S. system of government and civil liberties. Many methods beyond rote memorization are available to ensure that adults understand their rights and responsibilities as citizens. (SK)

Study circles such as the National Issues Forums encourage members to reflect upon and discuss community and social issues and foster reasoned advocacy and informed choices. (SK)

Refugee women frequently are successful advocates due to such traits as intuition, courage, perseverance, and maternal instinct. Cultural adjustment skills and opportunities for citizenship training also contribute to their success as advocates. (SK)

Public affairs education must help generate mutual understanding of all sides of an issue. Balance or fairness may be a better standard than either end of the education versus advocacy debate. (SK)