This article presents the authors' comments on Crisp and Turner's (May-June 2009) research on "imagined intergroup contact" (p. 231). Its goals of reducing prejudice are laudable, especially with a motivation to "prepare people to engage outgroups with an open mind" (p. 231). The method is relatively simple, easy, and…

One of the abiding problems in the study of American Indians is that it is plagued by stereotyping and romanticism. In the history of ideas in Europe and the United States, negative as well as positive stereotyping has been called "primitivism." Much of the author's work has been an attempt to get beyond primitivism in order to get to…

Seligman responds to the comments made about the January 2011 "American Psychologist" "Special Issue on Comprehensive Soldier Fitness" (CSF). Seligman proposed an entire issue of on the topic of CSF to encourage psychologists to come to the aid of our government, and he urges psychologists not to be discouraged by this tactic.…

States that the relationship between the two Germanies and the two Berlins provides an example of coexistence for the United States and the USSR. Describes this relationship as being based upon functional interdependency; both sides rely to some extent upon each other and are therefore unlikely to disrupt the balance. (GEA)

The ranking of American interests in the Middle East and their inherent conflict present foreign policymakers with a dilemma. American involvement in the Middle East is a post-World War II phenomenon. To achieve a breakthrough in the Arab-Israeli dispute, the United States government must take a number of actions. (AM)

This article follows the activities of Nicholas Murray Butler's involvement in the peace movement at the turn of the century. Butler, a college administrator, statesman, Republican politician, and friend of big business, belonged to the peace-through-internationalism approach and believed in working within the domestic system. (JMK)

Discusses how American-Israeli relations are more influenced by news media reports than by a consistent American foreign policy. The mass media were manipulated so that Israeli military acts of self-defense were condemned as acts of agression. Menachem Begin's role as an irritant in efforts to establish peace in the Middle East is examined. (AM)

Discussion of the role of children's literature in promoting peaceful resolutions to conflict focuses on a study that examined juvenile fiction about the United States and/or the British Isles during World War II. Attitudes in the stories were categorized, including prowar, conditional support, antiwar, and indifference. (18 references) (LRW)

Much of the rhetoric used by world leaders is one of violence, based on destructive myths and images, which increases the probability of war. Such leaders attempt to persuade the public that militarism, threats, and sociopolitical superiority are effective strategies for peace, when in fact they maximize cultural and political differences. The…

The American system of grading is criticized by a British educator as heavily goal- and test-oriented. Problems arising from use of grade contracts at a large state university for students studying in England are discussed, including student expectations and study habits, differing assessment methods and criteria, and exploitation of faculty. (MSE)

The three highest priorities for American foreign policy are avoiding nuclear war by working with the Soviet leadership to alter our present collision course, demonstrating our commitment to human rights throughout the world, and ensuring American economic prosperity by strengthening exports and ensuring the stability of the international monetary…

A comparative analysis of the process by which conflicting interests are implemented in the higher education systems of the United States, England, Sweden, and France is presented. Attention is also directed to differentiation in these systems, and to the systems' receptiveness to such differentiation (i.e., splitting up existing functions, or…

A framework containing general principles to help industrial democracies deal with the Soviet Union and its allies over the years and decades to come is presented. The direction advocated by the framework is one involving active, sustained, and positive engagement with the East. There are five major parts to the framework. Part I discusses the…

Six articles in this volume focus on anthropological diplomacy--the study of the theory and practice of peace and conflict resolution among societies, based on knowledge of a society's fundamental cultural premises. The first article, by Ronald Cohen, considers questions pertinent to anthropological diplomacy, including the impact of diverse…