After World War II, Allied policy toward German science became entangled with issues of reparations and programs at home instead of contributing to the positive reconstruction of Germany. The Americans, the British, and the Russians dealt with German scientists and research institutions in very different ways. (AM)

Anton Makarenko became a national hero for effecting education for communism in the 1920s. His book, "The Road to Life," is an artistic achievement and the most widely read and influential work on education in the Soviet Union. But Makarenko's legacy is more myth than model in present-day Russia. (Author/SJL)

Basic features of the development and structure of higher education in the USSR are examined, and the history of general university education, higher technical education, and higher agricultural education is discussed. (RM)

Before and after the Socialist October Revolution of 1917, John Dewey had a significant impact on the development of the Russian school system. The ultimate rejection of Dewey's pedagogy toward the end of the 20s was not due to educational but to political and ideological reasons. (AUTH/PGS)

One of the major educational reforms being undertaken in the USSR today is that of improving student reading ability at the elementary and secondary levels. The proposed system for teaching reading is discussed. (RM)

The educational history of the development of higher education in the USSR is examined. How higher education has been improved in order to meet the socioeconomic, scientific, and technological needs of Soviet society is discussed. (RM)

Describes the career and methods of A. S. Makarenko, revered in the Soviet Union for his successful work with children abandoned in the Civil War (1918-1921). Evolution of his theories in later Soviet education is traced and comparisons made with institutions for homeless or delinquent youth in other countries. (SJL)

Discusses the development of Soviet teaching methodology in literature from 1917 to the present. The document is written from the point of view of Soviet Marxist-Leninist criticism and covers the curriculum reform of the late 1960s. (Author/KC)

The role of Russian teacher unions during the years of the Revolution and civil war in organizing initial opposition to the new Soviet order and in defeating that opposition is discussed. A historical rationale for the fundamental principles that underlie Soviet educational policies today is presented. (RM)

Historical, philosophical, and social perspectives concerning the development of Soviet society are presented. The concepts of orthodoxy, autocracy, and nationalism that were integral to Russian life for nearly one thousand years of history are discussed, and principles of socialism and communism that were inaugurated in November 1917 in…

Provides a brief history of the development of Soviet curriculum theory and considers the contemporary development of the secondary school curriculum in relation to the needs of individuals in a developed socialist society. Includes an extensive bibliography of recent Soviet educational literature. (TRS)

Includes 11 articles about education in the Soviet Baltic Republics. The articles include historical studies of Estonian and Latvian schools and medieval Estonian folk games. The impact of Marxist educational theories and Soviet policies on educational research, teacher education, and teaching methods in the Baltic region from 1920-50 is…

This article traces the development of preschool education in several European countries, the Soviet Union, and the United States. Social, economic, and political influences are discussed. Also discussed is the international diversity existing on certain issues: preschool age, grouping, teacher qualifications, parental payments, and links between…

Examines the relationship of Anton Makarenko's educational theories to Russian history, tradition, and culture. Analyzes the influence of Russian and foreign prerevolutionary thinking on Makarenko's major theories. Discusses his major educational concepts (i.e., discipline, education through work, collectives, and the teacher's role) and views of…

Historically public schools and public school teachers have been obvious targets for attacks by conservative critics. However, during the post World War II red scare, the rapid emergence of anti-communist sentiment and super-patriotic zeal dramatically increased their vulnerability. In many respects the arch conservatism of the 1950s has obvious…