Drawing on her experience as a teacher in the most recent Polish clandestine or "flying" university, the author describes the organization and purpose of an underground university in a totalitarian state. The article contains a translation of the flying university's original declaration. (Author/CT)

The problem of social exclusion in Poland was examined along with possible strategies for combating social exclusion through vocational education and training (VET). The examination began with an analysis of the special needs of individuals who have reduced opportunities within the labor market and/or are members of national and ethnic minorities.…