Briefly introduces recently developed early childhood programs in Latin America and describes in detail two basic programs designed for the rural population of Peru: a Portage home-based model and a project emphasizing community development. History, objectives, program design and methodology, and training are identified, stressing the need for…

Three different theory of mind tasks were conducted with 4- to 8-year-old Quechua peasant children in the Peruvian Andes. The study investigated the ways in which children in preliterate cultures think and the possibility that they think differently than children in literate cultures. The tasks included: (1) a false-belief task, which tested the…

Discusses empowering parents and communities to enhance loving and healthy family relationships through the concept of resilience and other factors, irrespective of different cultural understandings about bringing up children. Argues that good child-adult relations can reduce stress and help children develop tolerance, understanding, cooperation,…