After World War II, American scholars rewrote Italian school syllabi and textbooks to replace Fascist ideology with democratic ideas. John Dewey's progressive ideas were influential, until a restorative backlash of the Cold War almost eliminated them from policy documents. Since the sixties, however, Dewey's pedagogical thinking has regained…

Basic elements of the higher education system are considered, along with variations across nations (the United Kingdom, Sweden, Japan, Italy, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Australia, Canada, the United States, Poland, Yugoslavia, Mexico, and Thailand). Three basic elements of the organization of higher education system are identified:…

Until the 1970s, social norms dictated that women provided care for their families and men were employed for pay. The rapid increase in paid work for women has resulted in an untenable model of work and care in which all employees are assumed to be unencumbered with family responsibilities and women who care for their families are dismissed as…