Discusses the development of social values and the birth of the poet; the first poets and the crystallization of poetic symbols, including Black and White symbols; India as a civilization conquered by poetry; African and African-American poetic resistance to imperialist social values; African combat poetry; and the Black value-setting in the…

This paper examines how the careers and research activities of university scientists in India, Nigeria, and Kenya are influenced by factors related to practicing science in developing nations. Data are derived from interviews with engineers, physicists, mathematicians, and zoologists in Indian, Kenyan, and Nigerian universities. Estimates are that…