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Reynolds, Barbara E. – College Mathematics Journal, 1993
Discusses the history of different methods of representing numbers and how these representations facilitated counting and computing devices such as the abacus. (MDH)
Descriptors: Arithmetic, Calculators, Coding, Computation

Powell, Arthur B. – For the Learning of Mathematics, 1986
Some pedagogical problems in Chinese numeration are described. They involve the teaching and learning of how to speak numerals with fluency in Chinese, using Hindu-Arabic written numbers. An alternative approach which stresses regularity is proposed. (MNS)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Elementary Education, Elementary School Mathematics, Mathematics Instruction