Two recent popular entertainments, "Margin Call" (Barnum, Dodson, Jenckes, Moosa, Quinto & Chandor, 2011) and "Boss" (Safinia, 2011), depict powerful and successful groups of bosses confronting sudden, extreme threats. They are forced to react quickly and sacrifice important values to achieve survival of their organizations. In these emergencies,…

Two recent, highly rated movies depict central characters who are involved in killing members of groups despised in their societies. In "Milk" and "The Reader," the characters of Dan White and Hanna Schmitz, respectively, are treated with empathy and a search for understanding. Their personal sufferings and confusions are highlighted, and the…

Why do people refurbish some historical tales from time to time, adding new versions to be displayed publicly? Powerful cultural elements can be invoked for many purposes, and the morals derived from the fables can be quite different. When individuals are blessed with a rich cultural heritage, they may delve into it to find wisdom for themselves…

Dilemmas of means and ends are an enduring theme of all narratives. One kind of story involves the demands of communal loyalty and group survival opposed to personal sentiments and ethical universals. Love and duty, justice and mercy are well known examples of such oppositions. The contradictions are even more excruciating in a multicultural…

Far too many Americans and people in other societies face the pain of losing work, so that deprivation is not a rare event. But sometimes, and especially in a popular culture, it is not the job that is lost, but the promise that the job and the one who performed it would be valued. The calamity is to be good at one's trade and to find that it…

People call on their cultural resources to find relief for their fears and reassurance about their hopes. Among those resources is the mysterious and hazardous tool called leadership. There are many traditions of leadership in world cultures, but the contemporary notions about leading and leaders are ever-changing, so that traditional…

If America is culturally diverse by history and habit, it is religiously diverse by design and by law. Although religion may be the strongest form of shared culture, and although people refuse to have any official religious establishment, they are surprisingly reluctant to celebrate that form of diversity anymore. In this article, the author takes…

The main characters in a movie can serve individuals in many different ways, but the usual way is to appear good. In whatever form, stories of individuals are a useful part of popular culture when they offer models of how individuals might save themselves or be saved. However, there are other ways. Villains, monsters, and enemies can be at the…