This report presents a broad picture of the characteristics of scientists and engineers (S&Es) outside academia and how these characteristics changed between 1980 and 1990. Data for this report come primarily from National Science Foundation tabulations of 1980 and 1990 Public Use Microdata Samples of the decennial census. Around one-third of those with science and engineering occupations on the 1980 and 1990 censuses appear to have less than a bachelor's degree. Other data sources typically use a minimum of a bachelor's degree in defining S&Es. Table 1 presents general characteristics including age, education, employment, race, nationality, and gender. Table 2 shows occupation for nonacademic S&Es. Table 3 contains employment by region and state. Table 4 presents median earnings. Table 5 lists numbers of women and minorities by occupation. Table 6 shows the proportion of foreign-born S&Es. A highlights section analyzes trends represented by the data. (LZ)