The comparative status of black and white children in America is described in this report, which is divided into two major parts. Part 1 contains an overview of key facts and trends which support the book's main point that the welfare of black children is currently declining, and a proposal for a legislative agenda for the Ninety-ninth Congress, the "Children's Survival Bill." Part 2 presents the detailed tables on which Part 1's conclusions rest--statistics related to children and family status, poverty, adolescent and unmarried pregnancy, unemployment, maternal employment and child care, health, education, and living conditions. An appendix includes additional tables and a glossary. (KH)