This research method case describes the use of bibliometric analysis for the purpose of evaluating a large, federal research program that supported basic research in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics education. Program evaluation is critical for providing rigorous evidence about program effectiveness and demonstrating that public resources are well spent. This study focused on evaluating the program's impact on knowledge building and on the productivity of individual researchers who received program funding. Our evaluation of impact at the collective and individual levels relied on specific comparison groups and different analytic techniques, which highlight the different uses of bibliometric data. In this study, both analyses revealed that the program attracted highly productive investigators who became even more productive as a result of receiving federal support. This research method case provides an account of how to collect, process, review, and analyze bibliometric data, including data on the number, rate, and impact of journal publications. We discuss the advantages, challenges, and limitations of our approach. The bibliometric analysis used in this particular study is applicable to the evaluation of other national, local, or institutional research programs. [This content is provided in the format of an e-book.]