Summarizes the Ralph Nader report on the Educational Testing Service (ETS). Tests reviewed include preschool, elementary, high school, and college admission; equivalency; financial aid; placement; and graduate school admission. The conclusion is that ETS has an overwhelming economic and political interest in maintaining the current testing system.…

To gain perspective on current demands for accountability in England's schools, particularly the Assessment of Performance Unit (APU) proposals, the author looks at the history of school assessment procedures in England, noting that they've long played a dominant role in determining what is taught and how it is taught. (Author/SJL)

Discusses social studies and its critics; the struggle for the soul of social studies; fragmentation and national standards; proliferation of standards; and assessment in the national standards. Suggests that administrators and teachers responsible for curriculum development should carefully examine all standards documents as they plan for…

Performance-based assessment is more multidimensional, interdisciplinary, continuous, performance-based, and curriculum-related than traditional testing. The San Diego Unified School District is actively involved in developing the new California Assessment Program, participates in the California Assessment Collaborative, and is a partner in the…

The intensive drive to promote national standards and assessments has gathered support from unproven connections between U.S. economic success and the nature of learning in schools. Now that teachers are being challenged to produce a bottom-up sea-change in their own classrooms, Uncle Sam's presence in the back of the room may be a growing problem…

America 2000 tries to advance both student achievement and educational freedom (through school choice). Its newly formulated learning standards and achievement tests could benefit children of all regions and backgrounds. America 2000 will strengthen all citizens' future by creating a national mechanism for quality control. (11 references) (MLH)

Characterizing this special "Kappan" section on test-based accountability as a cautionary plea, this article sees five themes: tests seldom measure what matters; standardization gets confused with standards; tests constitute a limited reform lever; test-based accountability plans often misplace trust and protection; and the…

Emphasizes the value of national standardized testing, discussing five issues: nobody is accountable for education results if there is no clarity about requirements; nobody likes today's tests; the entire nation is at risk; parents need reliable measures of children's success; and other countries with successful education systems have national…

Describes a study of gender differences in science achievement in England and Wales. Finds that the most pronounced gender differences in favor of males occurred in the higher-level papers taken by more able students, especially in physics. Also, more discriminating questions exhibited larger gender gaps in favor of males. Contains 21 references.…

Finds variable coverage of Earth Science topics in the United Kingdom among General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) double-award science syllabuses and examination papers. Concludes that the levels of error in the examination papers were high and that Earth Science questions showed lower levels of demand and higher levels of recall than…

Across five continents, operant testing schemes are the assessment equivalent of an English jumble sale. Test types, rationales, preparation times, and scoring practices are equally diverse in Australia, Brazil, Canada, the Czech Republic, England, Germany, Israel, and Japan. Most systems are in flux or under scrutiny. (MLH)

Used interviews and qualitative methods to examine the rhetorical difficulties that four teachers experienced in applying for National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) certification. Results found that the teachers had difficulty representing their knowledge about practice in writing. The most successful candidates were able to…

Describes and contrasts different methods of estimating costs of standardized testing. Using a cost-accounting approach, compares gross and marginal costs and considers testing objects (test materials and services, personnel and student time, and administrative/building overhead). Social marginal costs of replacing existing tests with a national…

Proponents of national tests claim they are needed to provide individual student test scores and to yield aggregate statewide and nationwide data. However, other sources already provide mountains of data, and U.S. school children are already the most tested in the world. The tests proposed by Congress will be harmful, since there are inadequate…

Presents Atlanta's Superintendent of Public Schools' views on national standards for foreign-language learning. He suggests that all educators promote national standards for foreign-language learning and assessment, despite the resistance they will meet. He states that all children can learn multiple languages, but they must start young, and that…