Criticism of Harvard's financial aid policy for Selective Service nonregistrants focuses on the example it sets to other institutions and the offering of jobs and loans to students in close association with their act of civil disobedience, the violation of a public law. (MSE)

Describes circumstances that set the stage for the 1969 occupation of Alcatraz Island by American Indians, including federal relocation of thousands of reservation Indians to urban areas, national civil rights and antiwar movements, and growth of urban Indian and Indian college student organizations. Briefly traces events of the occupation. Lists…

A former graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, at the time of the occupation of Alcatraz Island by American Indians reminisces about the development of a Native American Studies program at Berkeley, a course on Indian liberation given just before the occupation, the role of Indian students in the occupation, and attempts to…

Recounts the political, economic, social, and governmental situations surrounding Shays' Rebellion, the 1786 farmer's uprising in Massachusetts which, among other things, demonstrated the need for a stronger federal government. Concludes with contemporary analogies and the statement that, in a free society, the conflict between the legitimate…

Reports on the work of Amherst College historian Robert A. Gross, a leading expert on the topic of Shays' Rebellion. Includes a collection of insights Dr. Gross has developed concerning the rebellion's meaning and its impact on the United States Constitution. (JDH)

Reviews the history of student activism at American universities from the colonial period to the present, focusing on the 19th-century abolitionist movement and antiwar movements in the 1930s and 1960s. Also discusses student activism at Kent State University (Ohio) and the events of May 4, 1970, when four students were killed in a confrontation…

A former faculty advisor to the Native American Studies program at San Francisco State College describes student involvement in the development of the program in 1969 and reflects on the role of the university as a setting where American Indian student leaders of the Alcatraz occupation came together and defined themselves and their goals. (SV)

A former faculty member at the University of California, Davis, discusses the rise of Native American activism after World War II, student and urban Indian organizing that led to the occupation of Alcatraz Island in 1969, the beginnings of D-Q University in a student occupation shortly thereafter, and the island itself as enduring symbol of Native…

Presents a historical perspective of the inception and development of an environmental group, Earth First. This account includes literary influences, leadership, goal development, philosophy, trends, and the organization's relationship to other environmental groups. (MCO)

Attempts to place in historical perspective the 19-month American Indian occupation of Alcatraz Island, which began in November 1969. Discusses societywide and specifically Native American events leading to occupation; occupation itself and responses by the Bureau of Indian Affairs and Nixon Administration; and other Indian activist actions during…

Harvard University's president outlines his institution's policy regarding providing institutional financial aid to male students who have not registered with the Selective Service and therefore do not qualify for federal funds, criticisms of this policy, and arguments supporting it. (MSE)

Presents comments spoken at a human rights conference by Han Dongfang, a Chinese activist who was jailed after an attempt to organize China's first independent union from a tent in Tiananmen Square during the democracy movement. Today, he is barred from the mainland but works from Hong Kong through Radio Free Asia. Comments focus on foreign…

Traditional civil disobedience has usually combined deep spiritual beliefs with intense political ones. And while appreciating the differences in the two worlds--render unto Caesar what is Caesar's and to God what is God's--practitioners respected both. While sometimes willful and defiant and sometimes passive to the point of self-extinction, the…

An American Indian faculty member at the University of California, Los Angeles, during the occupation of Alcatraz Island describes his college years without Native peers or professors, his own and his students' involvement in the occupation, details of the landing on the island, role of the media, and his struggles with the personal costs and…

Describes a failed yearlong quest to desegregate Cleveland's schools that ended up unifying the city's black community and helping black Clevelanders understand the limitations of negotiation, direct action, boycotts, and the legal system in creating permanent change. Black residents turned to the political arena to realize the potential of black…