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Chen, Jie; Tardif, Twila; Pulverman, Rachel; Casasola, Marianella; Zhu, Liqi; Zheng, Xiaobei; Meng, Xiangzhi – Developmental Psychology, 2015
The present studies examined the role of linguistic experience in directing English and Mandarin learners' attention to aspects of a visual scene. Specifically, they asked whether young language learners in these 2 cultures attend to differential aspects of a word-learning situation. Two groups of English and Mandarin learners, 6-8-month-olds (n =…
Descriptors: Infants, English, Mandarin Chinese, Attention
Vuksanovic, Jasmina; Bjekic, Jovana; Radivojevic, Natalija – Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2015
A body of research shows that grammatical gender, although an arbitrary category, is viewed as the system with its own meaning. However, the question remains to what extent does grammatical gender influence shaping our notions about objects when both verbal and visual information are available. Two experiments were conducted. The results obtained…
Descriptors: Language Styles, Form Classes (Languages), Psycholinguistics, Grammar
Meindl, James N.; Ivy, Jonathan W.; Miller, Neal; Neef, Nancy A.; Williamson, Robert L. – Journal of Behavioral Education, 2013
Fluency-based strategies such as Say All Fast a Minute Each Day Shuffled (SAFMEDS) effectively promote fluent responding (i.e., high rate and accuracy). It is possible, however, that the stimulus control developed through these activities inhibits stimulus generalization. We investigated this concern in a two-part study with college students.…
Descriptors: Generalization, Instructional Materials, College Students, Verbal Stimuli
Eikeseth, Svein; Smith, Dean P. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2013
A common characteristic of the language deficits experienced by children with autism (and other developmental disorders) is their failure to acquire a complex intraverbal repertoire. The difficulties with learning intraverbal behaviors may, in part, be related to the fact that the stimulus control for such behaviors usually involves highly complex…
Descriptors: Language Impairments, Children, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Kisamore, April N.; Karsten, Amanda M.; Mann, Charlotte C.; Conde, Kerry Ann – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2013
Axe (2008) speculated that some instances of intraverbal responding might be associated with limited or delayed acquisition because they require discrimination of multiple components of verbal stimuli. Past studies suggest that acquisition of responses under control of complex, multicomponent antecedent stimuli (e.g., conditional or compound…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Verbal Communication, Responses, Repetition
Soares, Denise A.; Harrison, Judith R.; Vannest, Kimberly J.; McClelland, Susan S. – School Psychology Review, 2016
Recent meta-analyses of the effectiveness of token economies (TEs) report insufficient quality in the research or mixed effects in the results. This study examines the contemporary (post-Public Law 94-142) peer-reviewed published single-case research evaluating the effectiveness of TEs. The results are stratified across quality of demonstrated…
Descriptors: Effect Size, Token Economy, Meta Analysis, Nonparametric Statistics
Imuta, Kana; Scarf, Damian; Hayne, Harlene – Developmental Psychology, 2013
For adults, verbal reminders provide a powerful key to unlock our memories. For example, a simple question, such as "Do you remember your wedding day?" can reactivate rich memories of the past, allowing us to recall experiences that may have occurred days, weeks, and even decades earlier. The ability to use another person's language to…
Descriptors: Memory, Preschool Children, Verbal Stimuli, Visual Stimuli
Miller, Jonathan R.; Hirst, Jason M.; Kaplan, Brent A.; DiGennaro Reed, Florence D.; Reed, Derek D. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2014
The effects of two types of mands on participants' adherence to instructions were examined across two groups using procedures based on Hackenberg and Joker ("Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior" 62:367-383, 1994). Participants were presented with instructions describing a pattern of responding for producing points later…
Descriptors: Verbal Communication, Verbal Operant Conditioning, Verbal Stimuli, Laboratories
May, Richard J.; Hawkins, Emma; Dymond, Simon – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2013
The present study evaluated the emergence of intraverbal responses following tact training with three adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. Participants were taught to tact the name of a cartoon character (e.g., "What is the name of this monster?" ["Simon"]) and that character's preferred food (e.g., "What food does this monster…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Cartoons, Autism, Verbal Stimuli
Karpicke, Jeffrey D.; Smith, Megan A. – Journal of Memory and Language, 2012
Does retrieval practice produce learning because it is an especially effective way to induce elaborative encoding? Four experiments examined this question. Subjects learned word pairs across alternating study and recall periods, and once an item was recalled it was dropped from further practice, repeatedly studied, or repeatedly retrieved on…
Descriptors: Verbal Stimuli, Recall (Psychology), Mnemonics, Experiments
Melançon, Andréane; Shi, Rushen – Journal of Child Language, 2015
A fundamental question in language acquisition research is whether young children have abstract grammatical representations. We tested this question experimentally. French-learning 30-month-olds were first taught novel word-object pairs in the context of a gender-marked determiner (e.g., un[subscript MASC]ravole "a ravole"). Test trials…
Descriptors: Child Language, Young Children, Infants, Language Acquisition
Palmer, David C. – Behavior Analyst, 2012
Evolution and reinforcement shape adaptive forms and adaptive behavior through many cycles of blind variation and selection, and therein lie their parsimony and power. Human behavior is distinctive in that this shaping process is commonly "short circuited": Critical variations are induced in a single trial. The processes by which this economy is…
Descriptors: Adjustment (to Environment), Stimuli, Observational Learning, Reinforcement
Rhodes, Christine – Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 2014
A structured search and identification of themes within the literature regarding the use of Social Stories to decrease disruptive behaviour in children with autistic spectrum disorders is presented. The examination of seven studies showed that the Social Story intervention was successful for the majority of the participants, although the level of…
Descriptors: Children, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Story Telling
Vandbakk, Monica; Arntzen, Erik; Gisnaas, Arnt; Antonsen, Vidar; Gundhus, Terje – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2012
Inappropriate verbal behavior that is labeled "psychotic" is often described as insensitive to environmental contingencies. The purpose of the current study was to establish different classes of rational or appropriate verbal behavior in a woman with developmental disabilities and evaluate the effects on her psychotic or aberrant vocal verbal…
Descriptors: Developmental Disabilities, Verbal Stimuli, Autism, Pretests Posttests
Wang, Ling; Blackwell, Aleka Akoyunoglou – Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 2015
Native speakers of alphabetic languages, which use letters governed by grapheme-phoneme correspondence rules, often find it particularly challenging to learn a logographic language whose writing system employs symbols with no direct sound-to-spelling connection but links to the visual and semantic information. The visuospatial properties of…
Descriptors: Multimedia Instruction, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Visual Aids