Reviews research on (1) schemata acquisition while learning mathematics and techniques for detecting schema in mathematics learners; and (2) assessment of the distribution of cognitive resources while learning mathematics that lead to the design of instructional techniques to facilitate schema acquisition. (26 references) (MDH)

Discussion of several modes of understanding in the cognitive approach to information processing focuses on heuristic (discovery-based) scientific understanding. Topics covered include how students seeking heuristic understanding in a process-oriented school library media program look at information, use preconceptions to guide their searches,…

Reviews the place of creativity in the two major orientations of art education: (1) creative self-expression; and (2) discipline-based art education (DBAE). Asserts that critics of DBAE argue that it is dry and does not allow for creative expression. Rejects this notion and claims that properly implemented DBAE produces intellectual and emotional…

Middle school students' (n=200) solutions to division-with-remainder story problems and their attempts to make sense of their answers were analyzed for evidence that supported or refuted hypothesized semantic-processing models. The models helped explain students' failure to solve these problems in school settings. (Contains 17 references.)…

Presents the case study of an African-American woman returning to a basic skills program in an inner-city community college, examining in particular a writing conference with the task of transforming telling of an experience into writing about it. (SLD)

Argues that the primary grades play a crucial role in the development of student attitudes toward the natural environment. Describes content and activities used in the primary grades to develop ecological and aesthetic values. Discusses using problems associated with nature study as topics for moral development activities. (CFR)

Asserts that stereotypes about Native Americans may override more accurate information presented by teachers or found in textbooks. Recommends the use of children's literature to achieve recognized social studies goals. Includes a lesson plan with three tables, teaching instructions, and suggested children's literature. (CFR)

Presents a National Council for the Social Studies position paper. Describes a vision of K-12 social studies teaching and learning to develop levels of social understanding and civic efficacy essential for participatory citizenship. Advocates curriculum content and teaching methods that are relevant, challenging, and active. (CFR)

Agreement about importance of learning and how learning can be achieved is possible. Confluence of interests exists among four aspects of human behavior: business and workplace; politics and citizenship; schooling and education; critical and creative thinking. Thirty years of research and scholarship supports the view that critical and creative…

This study investigated whether top-down or bottom-up cognitive processing was more important in listening comprehension in large-scale English-as-a-Second-Language tests administered to secondary school students in Hong Kong over a period of seven years. Results suggest that bottom-up processing was more important than top-down processing in…

The goal of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Learning and Intelligent Systems (LIS) program is to focus research attention on the learning aspects of cognition, neuroscience, information technologies, and related disciplines. Goal-oriented descriptions of the three Collaborative Research on Learning Technology Centers funded under LIS are…

Describes an investigation into the accuracy of high school science students' confidence in their answers on classroom tests, how that accuracy varied between different types of questions, and whether having to judge their confidence in test items resulted in an improvement in accuracy over the school year. Contains 33 references. (Author/WRM)

Investigates factors influencing language-switching behavior in the thinking processes of a bilingual person engaged in second-language writing, based on review of literature and a case study in which an individual performs three tasks using think-aloud protocols: text composition in English (second language); written translation from Chinese…

Considers cultural diversity in Web design and traces the design processes involved in the development of an online learning environment for indigenous Australian learners entering university. Highlights include culture, constructivist learning and situated cognition; cultural pluralism in instructional design; and ten design principles for…

Explores some of the theory and practice in English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) reading and identifies two academic fields of inquiry with much to offer ESL students, that is, cognitive instructional theory and cognitive science. The article poses questions asked by teachers who have ESL students in their classrooms and provides answers by ESL…