Examines the effects of opportunity-structure variables on the rate of labor market participation among 4,688 subjects from early adolescence to young adulthood. Discusses the effect of the following: (1) attitudes; (2) education; (3) drug use; (4) sex and race; and (5) early sanctions and failures. (FMW)

Illustrates, through text and graphs, that many striking variations are submerged beneath overall figures of poverty rates. The substantial differences in poverty rate according to race and ethnicity are, in large part, the consequences of major differences in family types and work situations. (SLD)

The system of student assessment in Russian universities is described and contrasted with that of universities in Britain. Focus is on entrance examinations, use of problem solving and case studies for continuous assessment, individual research projects, and graduate employment patterns as they relate to student performance. (MSE)

An examination of the relationship of higher education and employment in Spain looks at: issues in the internal debate over the relationship; the evolution of the job market within the Spanish economy; existing analyses of employment trends and labor needs; and the response of Spanish universities to graduate employment problems and the…

A study of 1,058 full-time undergraduate students at 4 British universities investigated characteristics of those working during the school year, why they work, and contribution to student income. It found that conventional research focus on earnings and hours is limiting, and that broader employment profiles should be identified and linked to…

Data from a survey of 230 college sociology departments revealed patterns of employment and academic rank among African-American faculty. African Americans do not necessarily have many African-American colleagues, numerical influence in departments, or equality in rank. African-American student population, school location, and dependence on…

A study found few gender differences in young college faculty's (n=115) reasons for acceptance, rejection, or resignation of academic positions. Results imply academic recruiting should focus on quality of academic life in the department or institution, accommodating family members' needs, and job security in the form of longer, tenure-track…

A survey of 43 large universities nationwide investigated overall human resources staffing levels and staffing in five areas: personnel recruitment, benefits administration, compensation, management, records, and labor relations. Twelve tables and two figures present detailed findings in these areas. Trends from 1986 to 1991 are also noted. (MSE)

Based on a survey of former California State University students who repaid (224) or defaulted on (128) loans, an analysis found high levels of significance in postsecondary outcome variables (graduation, employment and income patterns), institutional practices and characteristics, student background characteristics, and understanding of rights…

Results of a study of part-time college faculty (a growing population now constituting more than 35% of teaching faculty in the United States) provide a profile of their characteristics, motivations, employment patterns, and relationships with their institutions. Suggestions are made for colleges and universities to adapt their policies to this…

Discussion of biomedical science and technology focuses on factors important to a vital health care industry. Topics addressed include high expectations about health care, spending for health care, aspects related to international competitiveness, constraints on growth in the biomedical industry, the role of research, and research and employment…

Representation of Chicanos and Latinos in the United States' professoriate is lowest of all racial and ethnic groups when their proportion in the general population is considered. Restriction to limited roles and devaluation of their academic and community contributions maintains this pattern, compounded by institutions' unwillingness to examine…

Increased use of part-time faculty in colleges and universities is a trend that will persist. Many administrators and faculty express concern for quality instruction under these conditions. The challenge for administrators is to develop a strategic plan that articulates the role part-time faculty will play in the overall mission of the individual…

Discussion of problems facing Russian higher education during a transitional period addresses such issues as enrollment, employment in higher education, the need to increase efficiency, and application of information technology to teaching, learning, and research. It is argued that, although preserving some elements of traditional higher education…

Analysis of the effects of household composition on employment using data from 528 Columbian and Dominican female immigrants in New York and 1,041 women residing in the Dominican Republic indicated that context was more important than group culture in explaining the labor force participation of Dominican women. (SLD)