Analyzes Marx's program combining schooling and work. Identifies Marx's moral, economic, educational, training-related, political, and tactical arguments for child labor. Contrasts Marx's views on education and work with progressive and Utopian standpoints. Reviews Marx's model of the factory school and his views on the regulation of child labor.…

This article reviews the International Labour Organisation's standard-setting activities to combat or regulate child labor (fixing of a minimum age for employment or work, establishment of the conditions under which children may work); discusses the means of enforcing standards; and describes the situation in practice. (CT)

Describes Elbridge T. Gerry's work from 1874 to about 1900 as founder and director of the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. Notes his place at the center of the controversy surrounding children on the professional stage in New York. (SR)

Discusses Milton Meltzer's recent contribution to historical nonfiction, "Cheap Raw Material," which documents the long, horrifying history of the ritualized abuse of children through child labor practices. Appends questions to stimulate student response to the book. (RS)

Looks at labor legislation enacted by states in 1993 in terms of wages, family issues, child labor, equal employment opportunity, employee drug and alcohol testing, employee leasing, resident preference, and whistleblowers. (JOW)

Identifies major subjects of state labor legislation in 1998: increases in minimum-wage rates, prevailing wage changes, child-labor revisions, workplace surveillance regulations, and bans on employment discrimination. Offers a state-by-state summary of labor legislation. (JOW)

Includes "Child Labour Today: Facts and Figures"; "Action Required at the National Level"; "International Action: Standards Need Reinforcing"; and "Are Economic Incentive Programmes Effective?" (JOW)

Identifies, via analysis of 165 countries, the circumstances under which some nations' armed forces or groups employed children in armed conflicts during the period 1994-98. Concludes that child participation is primarily linked to repressive and unstable regimes and to protracted conflicts. Suggests child employment reduces rather than enhances…

The rapid economic growth of Vietnam provides an interesting insight into the sharp decline in child labor. A study of the rising economic status of the population across Vietnam shows that children returned to school or stopped working as their family incomes grew. The decline in child labor is steep in poor households as they emerged from…

The purpose of this article is to examine children's attitudes regarding the right to work. The article is based on comments made by 245 15-year-old children on child employment and is supported by focus group interviews with 56 boys and 38 girls and tape-recorded interviews with 15 working pupils. One of most dominant themes to emerge from the…

This paper uses household level data from National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) of India, the 55th round (1999-2000), to show that for urban male children there exists significant wage incentive for schooling, though school dropout rate and child labour incidence are not so small. The parents' level of education plays an important role in…

The complexities of intergenerational and gendered intra-household resource allocations are frequently overlooked in poverty reduction policies. To address this lacuna, this article focuses on links between macro-development policies and children's paid and unpaid work burden in Ethiopia. Using a mixed methods approach, quantitative household…

An historical approach to Israeli education in the kibbutz focuses on communal educational practices stemming from the ideological influences of the kibbutz youth movement. Work is an essential part of the kibbutz educational process and is integrated with the total life of the kibbutz. (JN)

The author examines British industrial schools. He explores their history, student characteristics, types of industries that students performed, followup of graduates, the schools' success rate, their problems, and how they influenced present-day vocational education. (CT)

Federal policy toward youth is divided between those encouraging employment and child labor laws which govern employment of those from 14-17. This study deals with quantification of the impacts of child labor laws by using Census data to identify shifting employment toward occupations not covered by these laws. (Author/JOW)