In elementary classrooms, teaching immigration often begins and ends at Ellis Island--without discussions of racist migration policies or engagement with current issues. Although contemporary immigration is rarely discussed with elementary students, the number of young people from immigrant and/or refugee backgrounds in the U.S. continues to rise.…

The "No Child Left Behind Act" establishes federal education policy for the United States, with a heavy focus on accountability through high-stakes testing. Provisions specific to English language learners (ELLs) include the mandate for their inclusion in state math tests, even for newcomer students enrolled for less than one year. Most…

Looks at ways U.S. English language policies at the micro and macro levels have influenced the development of Khmer biliteracy for children and adults. Shows the power of teacher policymaking and the role of the legal system in shaping what is possible in multilingual classrooms in the United States. (Author/VWL)