The organizer of the conference, Pharmacy in the 21st Century, describes the two conferences, the first one in 1984 and the latest one in 1989. Issues in the 1984 conference that were not discussed in 1989 included pharmacy manpower, ethics in health care, wellness, informed consumers, etc. (MLW)

Discusses the rise of drug information centers in hospitals and medical centers, highlighting staffing, functions, typical categories of questions received by centers, and sources used. An appendix of drug information sources included in texts, updated services, journals, and computer databases is provided. Thirteen references are listed. (EJS)

A study of ethical problems from pharmacists' (n=869) perspective in various practice settings found family and work experience were most influential on personal ethics, most had experienced a problem within the last year, and different ethical problems were cited as most commonly occurring and most difficult to resolve. (Author/MSE)

Describes results of a survey of all West Virginia pharmacists concerning their views on continuing education and advanced pharmacy degrees. Conclusions indicate a small percentage of pharmacists are interested in a higher degree via continuing education. (Author/CT)

Using data from Jamaica, this article examines the need for more information and training in Third World pharmacies, and suggests a model of continuing education to promote informed and appropriate drug use. (Author/CT)

Those disciplines in the pharmaceutical sciences where critical manpower shortages now exist or will occur are identified by 34 pharmaceutical manufacturers in response to a request by the American Foundation for Pharmaceutical Education, which awarded fellowships in four critical areas. High priority needs are appended. (JMD)

A course was developed at the University of California, San Francisco, School of Pharmacy, addressing issues facing women. Female students discussed career planning and management, the complexities of balancing career and family life, and career commitment. The technique of structured role-model analysis was used. (Author/MLW)

The Planning and Implementation Committee of the Pharmacy in the 21st Century conference edited and condensed 375 issue statements generated by 7 workshops. Some 112 statements were presented to the conferees to develop a consensus of the conference on the importance of these issues as they will affect pharmacy in the next 15-20 years. (Author/MLW)

Pharmacy students and pharmacists surveyed on ethical dilemmas in pharmacy practice indicated a high degree of concern over patient welfare. The major area of disagreements was on economic concerns. The ethical dilemmas in pharmacy practice survey is appended. (Author/MLW)

Results of a study indicate that pharmacy does not have a characteristic value orientation, but business-oriented values predominate over altruistic ones. Present students seem to have higher social and lower economic values than professionals, and females in pharmacy hold higher social values than females in general. (MSE)

Problems associated with prescription drug use and misuse are discussed. The role of the pharmacist in providing information that patients need to use drugs appropriately is emphasized. (SFJ)

A survey of 70 Nebraska pharmacists examined the nature and frequency of ethical problems with patient confidentiality, especially specific contextual features of practice and community life that made maintenance of confidentiality difficult. Differences between rural and urban pharmacists were noted. Implications for pharmaceutical education are…

The development, reliability, and validity of a practical examination to evaluate student attainment of course objectives in an externship program are described. Examination content was determined by surveying preceptors and suggestions from practicing pharmacists; the reliability was assessed by interrater agreement and internal consistency…

By the mid-1960s, the pharmacy profession had centered its role on the distribution of prescription and nonprescription drugs. Pharmacists yearned for greater involvement in health care but were inhibited by lack of training, ethics, laws, and perceived opportunity. Clinical pharmacy is described. (MLW)

Four types of barriers to expanded pharmacy services are discussed: cognitive, situational, legal, and attitudinal. It is suggested that an integrated strategy be developed to overcome these barriers, enabling pharmacists to maximize their contributions to health care. (SF)