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Nyberg, Kristin; Koerber, Susanne; Osterhaus, Christopher – European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 2020
Investigating scientific reasoning comprehensively with large sample sizes is a challenge, especially in young children where there is little evidence showing that paper-and-pencil instruments can be used to reliably measure competencies. The present study with 122 third graders compares three test modalities: an established interview (Science-K…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Scientific Literacy, Thinking Skills, Young Children
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Day, Elaine M.; Shapson, Stan M. – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1987
The British Columbia French Speaking Test, administered to grade 3 immersion students, measured their speaking skills through a story- retelling and group discussion task. When 110 immersion children were compared to 25 Francophone children, results indicated that the immersion children were comparable to the francophones in communicative skills…
Descriptors: Communication Skills, Communicative Competence (Languages), Elementary Education, FLES