The strength of English learners' second language reading is closely associated with academic success. Using qualitative research methods and verbal protocols, this study examines four elementary-level English learners' uses of reading strategies and describes how each English learner employs these strategies while reading both culturally relevant…

February 2017 marked the 75th anniversary of Executive Order 9066 (EO 9066), issued on February 19, 1942, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt two months after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. While this domestic aspect of World War II is often taught in secondary history classes, it is rarely studied in elementary schools. However, children's…

Human nature draws people to conflict. They become curious about the overheard argument at the next table in a restaurant, or a conflict between parent and child in the supermarket. Too often textbooks and other teacher-proof curriculum for young children provide a pat and happy presentation, devoid of conflict. Not surprisingly, these materials…

A Japanese-American teacher's personal experience with diversity helped her second graders value their differences and appreciate their similarities. Teachers of all ethnic backgrounds bring their views, values, dreams, and cultural baggage to the classroom. Teachers should consider what they represent and how they themselves view ethnic…

This study attempts to understand the American and Japanese cultural and ethnic differences in student's mathematics scores from the perspective of differential cognitive organization of number resulting from differences in primary-language characteristics. The relation between cognitive representation of number and mathematics achievement are…