In the current post-Fordist, neoliberal Canadian state, the concept of the 'enterprising self' has come to define worker-subjectivity and ability to access the labour market. The discourse of entrepreneurialism promotes individual initiatives and resources as the most useful qualities necessary to be successful in the neoliberal labour market.…

The U.S. workforce is increasingly comprised of older adults, women, and minorities who lack basic skills and are unable to acquire these skills through traditional educational and training programs. New approaches are needed to provide effective training to the adult learner and flexible support for nontraditional students who must balance…

Even though undeniable social changes such as gender discrimination have occurred, the forms of access to public education and employment, as well as the conditions under which these jobs are carried out, are often loaded with sexist biases. Using the biographical-narrative method and a combination of techniques and strategies for gathering and…

Over 100 women immigrants were interviewed in the United Kingdom, Denmark, Czech Republic, and Germany. Two-thirds had participated in higher education in their home countries, one-third had degrees, some had owned businesses, and over half had good English skills. Despite their qualifications, only five were currently not underemployed. (SK)

Examined effects of geographic mobility on changes in underemployment among married and single women. Results reinforce findings from previous studies by showing that migration contributed to labor force nonparticipation and unemployment among married women. Migration was also linked to involuntary part-time employment and low pay, and negatively…

Analysis of British national data sets shows that, although women's representation in the sciences increased, occupational outcomes differ for men and women. Women are much more likely to be underemployed and are overrepresented in teaching. Labor-market policies, as well as education policies, need attention. (Author/JOW)

Investigated career paths of women (N=94), half of whom were married to university workers, and their searches for employment after they migrated because of husband's jobs, discussing their employment situations, role of commuting and child care, search strategies, and potential employment. Found evidence of underemployment and unemployment,…

Suggests that professional training does not always adequately prepare women to enter and manage university careers. Concludes that women often encounter barriers because they may not know "how to play the game." Proposes two models that provide powerful tools women can use to evaluate their work settings, form realistic expectations, and…

This historical look at black women mission workers focuses on some organizers and supporters of the missions and on some missionaries. Females were allowed to do these jobs but the ministry remained off limits to them. The leadership capabilities shown by these women support efforts to purge sexism from the contemporary church. (Author/VM)

At the beginning of the twentieth century one-third of black women worked; most did agricultural or domestic work. Gradually as employment benefits increased and anti-discrimination laws were enforced, work opportunities for black women became more varied and better paying. (VM)

Results of a study of Pilipino immigrant women living in Honolulu are presented. Topics covered include educational background, employment, adjustment to the new environment, language problems, discrimination, and views on ethnicity. (MC)

Economic dependence and occupational incompetence in the lives of adult women in US culture are examined with attention to both the problems created by these disabilities and the need to change the socialization practices that contribute to their development. The need for girls to focus on their futures is emphasized. (Author/MLW)

Underemployment is another indicator of nonmetropolitan labor's disadvantaged circumstances. Yearly employment transitions during 1968 and 1993, show that compared to urban counterparts, adequately employed nonmetro workers were more likely to become underemployed; the nonmetro underemployed were less likely to become adequately employed; and…

Uses a modified version of the labor-utilization framework to measure the types and extents of underemployment for 2,107 black males and females, a sample from the National Survey of Black Americans (1980). Results reveal a larger percentage of females unemployed, underemployed by low hours or low income, and discouraged. (SLD)

Faulty laws, unfair practices, and years of tradition in the workplace keep women from economic equality. The Economic Equity Act proposed by Congress will address inequalities in tax and retirement matters, the need for better dependent care, nondiscrimination in insurance, regulatory reform, and child support enforcement. (IS)