It is argued that the Gang Resistance Education and Training Program, developed by the Phoenix (Arizona) police department and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, consisted of pedagogical elements with strong conceptual and operational ties to social learning and self-control theories, and two mainstream criminological theories. (SLD)

Juvenile delinquency can be expected in capitalist societies where the lowest level workers encounter coercive control in the workplace and reproduce this in their families. Their children are the most likely to be placed in coercive school situations, encounter peer pressure to participate in delinquent behavior, and become delinquent. (IS)