This study uses longitudinal data from the Oregon Youth Study (OYS) to examine prospective effects of juvenile arrests and of early versus late onset of juvenile offending on two labor market outcomes by age 29 or 30 years. It was expected that those with more juvenile arrests and those with an early onset of offending would show poorer outcomes…

OLS may understate the effect of unemployment on crime because of the endogeneity problem (Raphael and Winter-Ember 2001). In this paper, we use changes in the real exchange rate, state manufacturing sector percentages, and state union membership rates as novel instrumental variables to carry out 2SLS estimations. We find a one-percentage-point…

Reports findings from an experiment comparing ex-offenders who received unemployment benefits immediately upon release from prison with those who received job counseling and with control groups. During a one year follow-up period, the relationships among unemployment payments, employment, arrests, and resulting time spent in prison were studied.…

Examined relationships between employment and crime in 61 male misdemeanants. For many, low-level employment and crime were not mutually exclusive, although most respondents were not employed at the time of the arrest that led to their current incarceration. Combinations of employment and crime were more complex than anticipated. (JAC)

The impact of Supported Work on former drug addicts' employment, crime, and drug use is examined. The program was found to increase the earnings of some addicts and reduce ex-addicts' crime rates, but did not affect their recidivism to drugs. (CT)

Studies of the relationship between employment and crime indicate that the stigma of a criminal record and the lack of preprison employment experience affect Black and White ex-offenders differently. Findings suggest racial discrimination and institutional racism are intervening factors in the failure of crime prevention strategies, particularly…

This special issue bridges inquiry on intelligence and scholarship on social policy by exploring the constraints that differences in intelligence may impose in fashioning effective social policy. The authors discuss a range of behaviors, but focus primarily on the noneducational outcomes of crime, employment, poverty, and health. (SLD)

The passage of the Contract with America Advancement Act terminated the Social Security Administrations Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income benefits for persons diagnosed with drug or alcohol addiction (also known as DA&A recipients), effective January 1, 1997. From an evaluation standpoint, the law created the opportunity…

Discusses the role confusion of African American males in U.S. society through an examination of issues involving substance abuse and suicide, education, economics, employment issues, crime and violence, discrimination, and family relations of the African American male. Future directions for research and social action are examined. (GLR)

Data from a National Longitudinal Survey of Youth subsample (aged 18-21 in the first survey year) indicate that criminal involvement is related positively to time out of the labor force and negatively to workers' expectations of job duration and to student status. Results suggest that the stability of good jobs or academic involvement inhibits…

Whether methadone maintenance treatment demonstrates cumulative (rehabilitative) or stabilizing effects on behavior of narcotics addicts over multiple treatment episodes was studied involving 993 addicts in a quasi-experimental design. Observed behavioral changes and longitudinal self-reports indicate stabilizing, but not cumulative, effects. (SLD)