Adult education was introduced by the British into West Africa after World War II. However, the Oxford intellectuals put in charge of the adult education program offered an African-centered education that frequently offered more support to the progressive views of the African independence movements than to the colonialists' conservative policies.…

Anton Makarenko became a national hero for effecting education for communism in the 1920s. His book, "The Road to Life," is an artistic achievement and the most widely read and influential work on education in the Soviet Union. But Makarenko's legacy is more myth than model in present-day Russia. (Author/SJL)

This article describes the development of special education in East Germany from the close of World War II through the cold war period, and examines the problems and challenges currently facing special education in a reunified Germany. These include a lack of infrastructure, economic needs, staffing problems, and needed curriculum changes. (DB)

Discusses the education of the Jews in 19th-century century Russia during the reign of Nicholas I. There was rapid growth of state-controlled Jewish secular education from almost none in 1844 to 106 schools with 3487 students in 1855. (RM)

Discusses the evaluation of Russian educational concepts through six historical periods; stresses the significance of social, philosophical, political, and psychological factors that have affected Soviet educational policies used to instill Communist values. (JD)

Since the 1970s the history of educational development has become the object of scholarly research once more. Within the context of recent educational history, the postwar period has aroused particular interest in educational historiographers. The history of the educational development of Berlin in the 1950s and 1960s is discussed. (RM)

Describes the role of textbooks in the development of student political attitudes and activities in Siberian elementary and secondary education between 1917-1931. Textbooks were used to reinforce communist values, to increase knowledge about industrial development and collective agricultural methods, and to orient students toward socially useful…

Describes the development of rural Siberian polytechnical education during the 1920s. To fulfill the demands of economic development and the need for relevant education, polytechnical education centers were set up to train students in hunting and fishing, agriculture, skilled trades, and meteorology, as well as teaching, social work, and…

Comparing present day criticisms of U.S. education with those lodged during the McCarthy era, this article warns educators of comparable McCarthy tactics today, concluding that educators must "continually attempt to understand and cope with the numerous criticisms lodged against our schools". (JC)

Discusses the the vicissitudes of history teaching in China and the compilation of curricula since 1949. There had been and continues to be very little history taught in China's schools. Policies governing the writing and dissemination of curriculum materials about the past have varied over the years. (RM)

Foreign language teaching has made considerable progress in China in recent years, despite serious handicaps. A concerted effort is being made to overcome shortcomings and modernize teaching methods. Barring further major political upheaval, China should achieve recognition as a leader in foreign language methodology before the turn of the…

Describes the development of Communist youth groups, the Young Pioneers, in Siberia during the 1920s and 1930s. The youth organizations became increasingly associated with the schools in promoting socially useful work. The press reinforced their popularity and stimulated student militancy. (AM)

Describes modifications in Siberian technical education (1952-56) to cope with technological and scientific advancements. Elementary and secondary schools implemented a Soviet policy mandating a rapid increase in scientific and technical education despite severe shortages in facilities and instructional materials. Often, students learned…

The educational history of the development of higher education in the USSR is examined. How higher education has been improved in order to meet the socioeconomic, scientific, and technological needs of Soviet society is discussed. (RM)

A former student of Stanley Moore, a Reed College (Oregon) faculty member fired in 1954 for his refusal to reveal whether or not he was a member of the Communist Party, has written a 90-page essay recounting and criticizing the incident and its aftermath. Moore hopes the article will put the issue to rest. (MSE)