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Grosse, Katja; Call, Josep; Carpenter, Malinda; Tomasello, Michael – Language Learning and Development, 2015
In all human cultures, people gesture iconically. However, the evolutionary basis of iconic gestures is unknown. In this study, chimpanzees and bonobos, and 2- and 3-year-old children, learned how to operate two apparatuses to get rewards. Then, at test, only a human adult had access to the apparatuses, and participants could instruct her about…
Descriptors: Animals, Animal Behavior, Child Behavior, Nonverbal Communication
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Danish, Joshua A. – Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2014
This article reports on a study in which activity theory was used to design, implement, and analyze a 10-week curriculum unit about how honeybees collect nectar with a particular focus on complex systems concepts. Students (n = 42) in a multi-year kindergarten and 1st-grade classroom participated in this study as part of their 10 regular classroom…
Descriptors: Social Theories, Science Curriculum, Entomology, Kindergarten
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van Duuren, Esther; Nieto Escamez, Francisco A.; Joosten, Ruud N. J. M. A.; Visser, Rein; Mulder, Antonius B.; Pennartz, Cyriel M. A. – Learning & Memory, 2007
The orbitofrontal cortex (OBFc) has been suggested to code the motivational value of environmental stimuli and to use this information for the flexible guidance of goal-directed behavior. To examine whether information regarding reward prediction is quantitatively represented in the rat OBFc, neural activity was recorded during an olfactory…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Rewards, Coding, Knowledge Representation