This article explores Belman and Heywood's sheepskin effect hypothesis using a modified Mincerian wage equation to test the sheepskin effect of returns on education in Colombia. This analysis is based on the 2014 Living Standards Survey from the National Department of Statistics. It includes variables that capture the possession of different…

When discouraged unemployed black males are accounted for, real wage growth for black men over 1969-98 is reduced by about 40% and black-white wage convergence by about one-third. An important source of selection bias is the changing gap between wages of workers and potential wages of nonworkers. (Contains 20 references.) (SK)

Data on 1,192 students from the National Longitudinal Survey-High School Class of 1972 showed that, although the precollege characteristics of black students who attended historically black colleges/universities (HBCUs) predicted lower wages, the value added to future wages from HBCU attendance was 38% higher than that from attending traditionally…

A recent national survey suggests that women and Blacks receive less on-the-job training and training opportunities in their jobs than White males. This is especially true of young Black men. The factor of low wage does not seem to play a large part in this discrepancy. (CT)

Analysis of North Carolina survey data indicates that females' average hourly wages were 71% of males', and blacks' wages were 78% of whites'. Human capital factors (educational attainment and occupational experience) explained 31% and 3% of the racial and gender gaps, respectively. Job gender composition explained 56% of the gender gap; job…

Compares pre-CETA and post-CETA earnings and income for racial and sexual categories, controlling for age and education. It was found that White gains exceed those for Blacks but that the White income distribution appears to converge with that of Blacks after CETA. (CT)

The earnings gap between black men and white men widened from 1979-89. Black men were more likely to experience declines in regions where they were concentrated. White men's earnings rose relative to black men's in lower-paying industries. (SK)

In recent years, the gap between high and low earners in the United States has widened. The young, the less educated, and blacks have more instability in their earnings than do those who are older, more educated, or white. (Author)

Compares the 1980 earnings and earning attainment process of Afro-Caribbean immigrants, Afro-Americans, native-born Whites, and foreign-born Whites. Results do not support the opinion that any West Indian group had higher earnings than native-born Blacks. (DM)

Presents conclusions from analyses of the economic effects of racial discrimination (based on 1960/1970 censuses and on a national survey of economic status). For example, there appears to be less open discrimination; also, Blacks and Hispanics, whose educational levels are lower than those of the majority, still lag far behind economically. (JN)

Examines whether wage differentials based on race have disappeared from the labor market for young men. Found a significant Black-White difference, but an insignificant Hispanic-White difference. (JOW)

Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of Census data found that salary discrimination against Black scientists and female scientists worsened between the 1970s and the 1980s. Female scientists earned about 12 percent less than males in 1972, but 14 percent less in 1982. Black scientists earned about the same as Whites in 1972, but 6 percent…

Analysis of data from the Current Population Survey identified primary and secondary labor market sectors, based on whether specific skills or prior training were conditions of employment. Results showed significant unexplained earnings differentials across sectors for four groups: Black men, White men, Black women, and White women. (Author/SK)

Data from the 1984 Survey of Income and Program Participation showed that 62% of differences in wages offered to black and white men and 67% of differences in observed wages were not due to productivity differences. Wage discrimination reduced the relative employment rate of black men from 89% to 82% of white men's rate. (SK)

Census data from 1940-80 illustrate that African-American women's increased relative wages resulted from entry into occupations in which they were previously unrepresented. Their increased wages and occupational status are largely a result of decreases in racial discrimination by occupation and industry, although in the South discrimination had…