Tested 86 male chronic alcoholics admitted to treatment. Found that attitude towards dreams as measured by Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) item on understanding dreams was unrelated to scores on MMPI scales of psychopathology and to incidence of nightmares. Failed to confirm clinical expectations that positive attitude to dreams…

Measured understanding and attitudes about alcoholism by comparing adults attending either alcohol education program or Alcoholics Anonymous program. Found that, for persons in close relationship with alcoholic, intervention programs reinforced knowledge about alcoholism and facilitated attitude change. Pre- to post-test results did not depend on…

Utilizes structural model to examine relationships between three male-role variables, alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related problems in sample of men and women. For men, traditional attitudes led to more alcohol consumption, whereas agentic traits protected them from experiencing alcohol-related problems and from experiencing masculine…

Examined responses of 86 chronic alcoholic males to item 101 of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), "I believe women ought to have as much sexual freedom as men." The proportion of responses with "False" was similar to recent normative MMPI data on normal US Midwest males. (Author/KS)

Interviewed 20 female and 44 male bartenders. Findings indicated that both male and female bartenders are reliable reporters of their own and their customers' drinking behaviors and are aware of causes of problem drinking. Both male and female bartenders were positive about taking courses in alcoholism. (Author/RC)

Social climate of residential alcoholism programs was assessed using Community-Oriented Programs Environment Scale (COPES). COPES perceptions were independent of patient background, psychosocial functioning, and alcohol-related characteristics. In conjunction with previous research, results indicate perceptions of social climate of treatment…

Uses the Big Five personality factors as a framework for examining the expected personality characteristics of individuals who are alcohol-dependent. Results help explain prior findings about the social handicap of problem drinking with regard to making friends, dating, marriage, and working. Findings have potential use in alcohol-problem…

The relationship between optimism, abstinence self-efficacy, and self-mastery was examined by investigating levels of these cognitive resources among two samples of recovering substance abusers: Oxford House residents who attended twelve-step groups and twelve-step members who had never lived in an Oxford House. Participants' levels of optimism…

Addresses two areas where science has been and still is used to justify policies and attitudes that are discriminatory and oppressive: homosexuality and alcoholism. This article analyzes the debate over whether these correlations are biologically or socially determined. Of particular concern is the potential impact of biological determinism on the…

This study was conducted to learn how Alaskans perceive alcohol and alcoholism. Findings indicate that differences in attitudes toward and knowledge of alcohol are related to both urban/rural and native/nonnative differences. Implications of findings are discussed with respect to alcohol education programs. (Author)

Searched articles (n=387) in German magazines with highest circulation rates for attitudes about alcoholism. In 55 percent of articles, alcohol dependence was described as illness, but only 4 percent included definitions of condition. Found articles about alcohol dependence were so simplified reader could mistake condition as being self-inflicted…

Explores attitudes toward alcoholism and the formative characteristics of an entering class of graduate social work students. Results produced four belief groupings: moralists, treatment optimists, habit model adherents, and disease model adherents. Findings indicate that background characteristics influence different kinds of attitudes. Suggests…

Compares assessment results of inpatients with alcoholism who have made a serious suicide attempt and a matched sample of inpatients with alcoholism who have no history of suicide attempts. Discriminant function analysis reveals that depression, social hopelessness, and socially prescribed perfectionism are unique discriminators of suicide groups.…

Reviews problems relating to tobacco, alcohol, and drug use among American-Indians. Describes bicultural competence skills approach which proved successful for preventing substance abuse among American-Indian adolescents at posttest and follow-up on measures of substance-use knowledge, attitudes, and interactive skills, and on self-reported rates…

Medical students who achieve sobriety are confronted with generally hostile reactions from directors of residency training programs. A survey of policies and attitudes of program directors suggests that there is a need for them to acknowledge that favorable outcomes are provided by treatment of alcohol-dependent medical students. (Author/MLW)