The function of empowerment is to equip people with the knowledge, skills, and perspectives that can sustain and improve both personal and societal well-being. Empowerment can occur by means of education, as well as by supportive programs in social work, community development, and philanthropy. Especially when intended for the poor, marginalized,…

Objective: This study investigated access to and use of reproductive health information among in-school adolescent girls in Lagos State, Nigeria. Design: Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. Setting: The study sample consisted of 1,800 girls randomly selected from 18 public senior secondary schools in Lagos State. Method:…

The presence of a teacher in the classroom is central to the provision of schooling, with accumulating evidence showing that teacher absence compromises student learning. Teacher absence is common in schools in low- and middle-income countries. With much of the developing world making rapid progress in achieving universal primary school enrollment…

Asserts that, during the second half of the 19th Century, women in England and the United States increasingly sought and gained admission to higher education institutions. Describes the establishment of coeducation at the University of Manchester (England) and Northwestern University (Illinois) in terms of these cultural differences. (CFR)

Reviews literature on the history of women in higher education in the United States, focusing on colleges for women (specifically Bryn Mawr and Wellesley) in comparison with each other and coeducational colleges (specifically Oberlin and the University of Michigan). Discusses women's access at the community college level. (DMM)

Since the Medical College of Pennsylvania, formerly for women, became coeducational, there has been a continued effort to maintain its commitment to women in medicine. Programs relevant to women include the Summer Premedical Program, the Summer Health Policy Program, a Part-Time Residencies project, a child care project, and special resources.…

Reviews the history of arguments opposing coeducation in the university setting. Traces the arguments chronologically in order to detect patterns and processes. Concludes that, although the Victorian fears of association between males and females are no longer accepted, our patriarchal institutions remain intact in higher education. (KO)

Attempts to develop a theory of separate but equal single-sex education that respects equal protection, drawing on a recent decision involving the Virginia Military Institute. The central aspect and potential safeguard against inequity lies in requiring that single-sex options be unique only in admissions policy. (SLD)

A review of the history of women on American college campuses looks at the emergence of women's higher education, then coeducation, the gender revolution, changed perceptions of women's participation in public life and extracurricular activities, a period of restrictive backlash, and the insights provided about today's harassment on campus. (MSE)