Development as a growth process is what every person, nation and state seeks from day to day. The issues of development and better welfare are generally important to the average man and woman, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. Nigeria and other African countries need to instigate the principles and strategies that will bring about…

The picture the World Bank paints of the world is an optimistic one: living standards are higher than ever before, humanity is progressing, and situations for women are improving. If this is really the case, why then does "the impoverishment of hundreds of millions of people" throughout the world continue? (Chossudovsky 1997, 33). Why do "the…

Takes a critical look at the "new literacy studies." Describes an experimental workshop on Training for Organization, a Brazilian method focused on the relationship between literacy and power. (SK)

In Latin America, Experimental Workshops on Theory of Organization and Enterprise Management focus on enterprise learning for disadvantaged, marginalized people. Its emphasis on skill acquisition regardless of participants' literacy level has more to offer than European-style entrepreneurship training. (SK)

Mozambican refugees in Swaziland are caught between the conditions forcing them to leave Mozambique and the hostile political and economic situation in Swaziland. These conditions limit educational programs for refugees to the goal of self-sufficiency within refugee settlements; programs are often poorly attended due to the refugees' predominant…

The six EFA goals help to shape policies and priorities especially in developing countries; they can be seen as discrete targets or as a cohesive collection of complimentary developmental areas to improve learning for people of all ages and stages. The paper argues that the cohesion, success and impact of the EFA would be improved enormously if…

Credit with Education provides poor women with small loans; a safe place for savings; and education in health, nutrition, and family planning. The strategy integrates financial and educational services to empower women toward self-sufficiency. (SK)

The former editor of "Convergence" assesses the last quarter century of adult education, highlighting adult education's link with development; Freire, participatory research, and popular education; and the impetus for women's education and other gender issues. (SK)

Argues that adult educators should promote "feminine" values and devalue power, domination, consumerism, aggression, and violence. Suggests that conventional ways of thinking about development and literacy education perpetuate an unjust status quo. (SK)

Outlines perspectives of nonformal education programs: (1) development (human resource development and integrated rural development) and (2) emancipatory (radical and liberal). (SK)

Sustainable development means educating the powerless to become empowered. The changed role of development workers requires participatory training that gives them the experience of nonhierarchical collective learning and decision making. (SK)

This paper aims to develop a theoretical and practical framework for lifelong learning which will contribute to bridging the development divide, thus facilitating the implementation of the MDGs on both a global and personal level. We see this happening through the direct personal and professional involvement of development professionals (that is,…

Social divisions of gender, class, race, ethnicity, and religion constitute a structure of power disparities that influences the form and content of literacy programs in developing nations. Adult educators have a social responsibility to identify how literacy activities may be reinforcing unjust or unequal societies. (SK)

Women working in export processing zones in the Dominican Republic organized a union using a gendered approach and undertook organizational literacy strategies based on Freire's ideas. They developed community support services to combat oppression. (SK)

Contrasts the purposes and methods of government-sponsored literacy programs in Latin America, which seek to improve the lot of the poor by developing better skills, with those of popular education movements, which attempt to empower people to change social structures. (SK)