Discusses the Newbery Medal for children's books and how it has changed since its inception in 1922. Highlights include society's ideas of what children should read and how those opinions change with time and place; and Newbery Medal books as examples of their time. (LRW)

The history of social attitudes toward childhood and concepts of children since ancient times is reviewed as background for a discussion of ethics and society's role in child protection. (MSE)

Reviews immigration to the United States during the late 19th and early 20th century as well as during earlier periods. Topics addressed include racism, slavery, antiforeign sentiment, resurgence of ethnic pride, increase in "new" immigration, and implications for educators. (RH)

Illustrates the complex interactions between disease, societal attitudes, and technology by looking at the history of smallpox. Describes one of mankind's most magnificent accomplishments--the eradication of smallpox from the earth. (JRH)

The history of the eugenics movement is reviewed. The authors conclude that, despite changed terminology and a shifting emphasis, advocacy of eugenics and its discrimination against poor and mentally retarded persons still persists today. (MC)

Guided by a set of assumptions drawn from the fields of anthropology, history, sociology of medicine, and human development, this study provides a historical description and analysis of chlorosis, a disease linked solely to female adolescence in the period from 1870 to 1920. (MP)

The article presents a brief historical review of the efforts of the National Society to Prevent Blindness in preventing eye disorders in infants. Disorders such as ophthalmia neonatorum, trachoma, and eye accidents are examined in light of public attitudes and preventive practices. (DLS)

A study of the mythological elements attendant upon professional baseball reveals the complex social and cultural beliefs contributing to the current American world view. (LH)

Suggests that United States history contains many incidents of violence directed against news media and their personnel. Provides historical examples of four patterns of violent activity against the media: (1) personal assaults; (2) majoritarian; (3) antigroup; and (4) inclusionary violence. Notes a contemporary view of the media as mainstream and…

Journal editor and founder of the National Indian Defence Association, Thomas Bland was a unique, persistent voice crying for retention of Indian rights in the 1880s. Although accepting the goal of Indian assimilation, Bland insisted it must be gradual and voluntary, and vigorously opposed coercive allotment of reservation land. (SV)

Despite recent research by regional historians, Appalachian museums continue to collect and exhibit artifacts that conform to a century-old "canon" romanticizing pioneer life. Within this framework, Appalachian craft objects are considered low-status compared to the material culture of colonial elites exhibited in major urban museums.…

In the 1950s, camps benefitted from society's renewed wealth and vigor but also saw the beginnings of racial strife. An illustrative article from 1958, "Points To Remember in Planning for Integrated Camping" (Ray Finley), discusses integration fears and provides tips for preparing staff to carry out integration policies. A 1959 chart…

The curriculum movement known as picture study was, in part, the result of the late nineteenth-century development of printing processes capable of reproducing works of art. This description of the reproductions used in picture study illustrates how popularist attitudes toward art and technological changes set the context for this art movement.…

From 1908 to 1918, Lewis Hine, educator and photographer, gave new meaning to the camera as an educational tool for social change. Published by the National Child Labor Committee, Hine's photo essays of exploited urban and rural children were intended to instigate reform. This essay with photographs describes Hine's crusade. (SG)

Argues that science, like any other human activity, is limited by the culture and the age to which it belongs. Examines the Iowa Child Welfare Research Station's conclusion that the IQs of young children were affected by specified environmental conditions in light of shifting perceptions of reality in the 1930s and 1940s. (Author/BE)