Scholars have demonstrated that a range of institutions, organizations, and "social movement schools" aimed to advance the civil rights movement through education. What remains unclear is how those institutions balanced conversation, direct instruction, role-play, and other pedagogical methods. This article focuses on the Highlander Folk…

Massive white resistance to the Supreme Court's 1954 Brown decision encouraged educational administrators and leaders who supported school integration to ally themselves with progressive civic activists. Desegregation thus catalyzed the development of a new, more openly political vision of educational leadership. If schools of education were to…