Literacy builds a foundation for further learning and necessitates human capital development that creates a knowledge economy. A clear focus on literacy policies is fundamental in achieving national and international socio-economic targets. In Tanzania, adult literacy growth has been slow, inconsistent, and characterized by regional gaps. A review…

Out-of-school youth are often characterized as at risk, idle, or troublemakers and are essentially excluded from being citizens of their societies. In Tanzania and Uganda, where this study took place, youth who have not completed their secondary education are excluded from further education and formal work and are often not considered members of…

This paper argues that Non-formal Education (NFE) has seen a remarkable revival of interest across both developing countries and the more highly developed countries. Among the factors causing this revival is the search for alternative educations to meet the needs of different groups in society. But in the process, NFE has been relocated -- not so…

Around the world, dedicated professionals are implementing innovative programs to improve access to quality education for children living in poverty and otherwise marginalized communities. This article provides an overview of the work being conducted by BRAC, an international development organization based in Bangladesh that is working to…

Folk development colleges, modelled on the Swedish folk high schools, were started to prepare Tanzanians to develop their personalities and their capacity to think and to help them understand national policies, international affairs, further education, and ways to develop their culture. Program development and implementation are described.…

The Tanzanian government has made a major commitment to its National Literacy Programme as a strategy for national development. Goals of the program are the eradication of illiteracy, self-reliance in solving economic and social problems, and lifelong education. To deal effectively with the problem of learner motivation, the program links literacy…

Suggests nonformal education can be defined only with respect to its function in a specific context, its objectives established on an individual basis. Argues that it cannot be centralized or institutionalized. Includes nonformal education as a method of broadening access to education, providing second chance programs, and serving a Gandhian…