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Associations between ADHD Symptoms and Maternal and Birth Outcomes: An Exploratory Analysis in a Multi-Country Cohort of Expectant Mothers
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Aja Louise Murray; Diana Taut; Adriana Baban; Chad Lance Hemady; Susan Walker; Joseph Osafo; Siham Sikander; Mark Tomlinson; Stefani Du Toit; Marguerite Marlow; Catherine L. Ward; Asvini Fernando; Bernadette Madrid; Vo Van Thang; Hoang Dinh Tuyen; Michael Dunne; Claire Hughes; Pasco Fearon; Sara Valdebenito; Manuel Eisner – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2022
Objective: ADHD symptoms can adversely impact functioning in a range of domains relevant for maternal well-being and fetal development; however, there has been almost no research examining their impact during pregnancy. We aimed to address this gap. Method: We used data (n = 1,204) from a longitudinal birth cohort study spanning eight countries to…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Pregnancy, Prenatal Care, Prenatal Influences
The Effect of Brief Interventions on the Drinking Behaviour of Pregnant Women in a High-Risk Rural South African Community: A Cluster Randomised Trial
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Marais, Sandra; Jordaan, Esme; Viljoen, Dennis; Olivier, Leana; de Waal, Johanna; Poole, Caroline – Early Child Development and Care, 2011
The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of a series of brief interventions (BIs) on anti-natal alcohol consumption of women from a disadvantaged and high-risk background attending state health clinics in a rural district, Western Cape Province, South Africa. A pragmatic cluster randomised trial design was followed. All pregnant women,…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Intervention, Females, Drinking
The Prodrome of Autism: Early Behavioral and Biological Signs, Regression, Peri- and Post-Natal Development and Genetics
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Yirmiya, Nurit; Charman, Tony – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2010
Autism is one of the most heritable neurodevelopmental conditions and has an early onset, with symptoms being required to be present in the first 3 years of life in order to meet criteria for the "core" disorder in the classification systems. As such, the focus on identifying a prodrome over the past 20 years has been on pre-clinical…
Descriptors: Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Autism, Infants, Genetics
Maternal Prenatal Stress and Later Child Behavioral Problems in an Urban South African Setting
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Ramchandani, Paul G.; Richter, Linda M.; Norris, Shane A.; Stein, Alan – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2010
Objective: Findings from a number of cohort studies suggest that children who are exposed to maternal stress during pregnancy have an increased risk of behavioral problems. All of the research assessing this association to date has been conducted in developed countries; yet the majority of the child population, and the majority of the burden of…
Descriptors: Females, Psychopathology, Children, Questionnaires
A Criminological Perspective on the Prenatal Abuse of Substances during Pregnancy and the Link to Child Abuse in South Africa
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Ovens, Michelle – Early Child Development and Care, 2009
The increase in drug abuse in South Africa has had major social implications in the country. Problems associated with drug dependency are poverty, unemployment, a heavier burden on the health care system, the disintegration of family systems and drug-related crimes. Another area of concern is the link between drug abuse and child abuse. While…
Descriptors: Crime, Child Abuse, Drug Abuse, Pregnancy
Infant Symbolic Play as an Early Indicator of Fetal Alcohol-Related Deficit
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Molteno, Christopher D.; Jacobson, Sandra W.; Carter, R. Colin; Jacobson, Joseph L. – Infancy, 2010
Infant symbolic play was examined in relation to prenatal alcohol exposure and socioenvironmental background and to predict which infants met criteria for fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) at 5 years. A total of 107 Cape-Colored, South African infants born to heavy drinking mothers and abstainers/light drinkers were recruited prenatally. Complexity of…
Descriptors: Play, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Drinking, Intelligence Quotient
Prevalence and Epidemiologic Characteristics of FASD From Various Research Methods with an Emphasis on Recent In-School Studies
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May, Philip A.; Gossage, J. Phillip; Kalberg, Wendy O.; Robinson, Luther K.; Buckley, David; Manning, Melanie; Hoyme, H. Eugene – Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 2009
Researching the epidemiology and estimating the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and other fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) for mainstream populations anywhere in the world has presented a challenge to researchers. Three major approaches have been used in the past: surveillance and record review systems, clinic-based studies, and…
Descriptors: Incidence, Research Methodology, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Epidemiology
Evidence of Early Childhood Defects Due to Prenatal Over-Exposure to Vitamin A: A Case Study
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Naude, H.; Marx, J.; Pretorius, E.; Hislop-Esterhuyzen, N. – Early Child Development and Care, 2007
One of the important nutrients during pregnancy is vitamin A or related compounds called retinoids. Although it is well-known that vitamin A deficiency may be detrimental to foetal development, overdosage of retinoids might cause developmental defects, particularly affecting the central nervous system development of the foetus, causing hindbrain…
Descriptors: Neurological Impairments, Cognitive Ability, Pregnancy, Educational Testing
Early Under-Nutrition and Mental Performance.
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Van Heerden, J. R. – International Journal of Early Childhood, 1984
Reviews the effects of malnutrition during pregnancy and before the age of three on children's brain development and subsequent mental development. Describes marasmus, kwashiorkor, and the incidence of malnutrition in South Africa. Discusses the relationship between the culture of poverty, malnutrition, and illegitimacy. Urges South Africans to…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Developing Nations, Foreign Countries, Infants