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Direct linkLeón, Jaime; Álvarez-Álvarez, Carmen; Martínez-Abad, Fernando – Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2022
A central objective of schooling processes at the international level is reading skills development. Unfortunately, many students in the European Union underperform at this, and these low performances can be more pronounced in countries with lower Human Development Index (HDI) values. This study analysed the contextual effect of school…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Reading Achievement, Institutional Characteristics, Reading Skills
Download full textWall, Dianne; Horák, Tania – ETS Research Report Series, 2008
The aim of this report is to present the findings of the second phase in a longitudinal study of the impact of changes in the TOEFL® test on teaching and learning in test preparation classrooms. The focus of this phase was to monitor six teachers from five countries in Central and Eastern Europe as they received news about changes in the TOEFL and…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Foreign Countries
