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Near-Independent Capacities and Highly Constrained Output Orders in the Simultaneous Free Recall of Auditory-Verbal and Visuo-Spatial Stimuli
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Cortis Mack, Cathleen; Dent, Kevin; Ward, Geoff – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Three experiments examined the immediate free recall (IFR) of auditory-verbal and visuospatial materials from single-modality and dual-modality lists. In Experiment 1, we presented participants with between 1 and 16 spoken words, with between 1 and 16 visuospatial dot locations, or with between 1 and 16 words "and" dots with synchronized…
Descriptors: Input Output Analysis, Recall (Psychology), Auditory Stimuli, Verbal Stimuli
First Things First: Similar List Length and Output Order Effects for Verbal and Nonverbal Stimuli
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Cortis, Cathleen; Dent, Kevin; Kennett, Steffan; Ward, Geoff – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
When participants are presented with a short list of unrelated words and they are instructed that they may recall in any order, they nevertheless show a very strong tendency to recall in forward serial order. Thus, if asked to recall "in any orde"r: "hat, mouse, tea, stairs," participants often respond "hat, mouse, tea,…
Descriptors: Recall (Psychology), Verbal Stimuli, Serial Ordering, Speech