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Direct linkRau, Martina A.; Aleven, Vincent; Rummel, Nikol – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2015
Research shows that multiple external representations can significantly enhance students' learning. Most of this research has focused on learning with text and 1 additional graphical representation. However, real instructional materials often employ multiple "graphical" representations (MGRs) in addition to text. An important open…
Descriptors: Graphs, Instructional Materials, Instructional Effectiveness, Educational Experiments
Waalkens, Maaike; Aleven, Vincent; Taatgen, Niels – Computers & Education, 2013
Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) support students in learning a complex problem-solving skill. One feature that makes an ITS architecturally complex, and hard to build, is support for strategy freedom, that is, the ability to let students pursue multiple solution strategies within a given problem. But does greater freedom mean that students…
Descriptors: Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Problem Solving, Algebra, Mathematics Instruction
