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The Development of Stranger Fear in Infancy and Toddlerhood: Normative Development, Individual Differences, Antecedents, and Outcomes
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Brooker, Rebecca J.; Buss, Kristin A.; Lemery-Chalfant, Kathryn; Aksan, Nazan; Davidson, Richard J.; Goldsmith, H. Hill – Developmental Science, 2013
Despite implications that stranger fear is an important aspect of developing behavioral inhibition, a known risk factor for anxiety, normative and atypical developmental trajectories of stranger fear across infancy and toddlerhood remain understudied. We used a large, longitudinal data set (N = 1285) including multi-trait, multi-method assessments…
Descriptors: Fear, Infants, Toddlers, Infant Behavior
Examining the Familial Link between Positive Affect and Empathy Development in the Second Year
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Volbrecht, Michele M.; Lemery-Chalfant, Kathryn; Aksan, Nazan; Zahn-Waxler, Carolyn; Goldsmith, H. Hill – Journal of Genetic Psychology, 2007
Within a sample of 584 twins aged 12 to 25 months (292 pairs) studied longitudinally, positive affect measured through two laboratory pleasure episodes and maternal report at 12 and 22 months significantly predicted empathy-related helping and hypothesis testing assessed between 19 and 25 months. Girls showed significantly more concern than did…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Parent Child Relationship, Genetics, Hypothesis Testing
Mother-Child Mutually Positive Affect, the Quality of Child Compliance to Requests and Prohibitions, and Maternal Control as Correlates of Early Internalization.
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Kochanska, Grazyna; Aksan, Nazan – Child Development, 1995
Motivationally distinct forms of child compliance, mutually positive affect, and maternal control were observed as correlates of internalization in 103 mother-toddler dyads. Found that children who shared positive affect with their mothers showed a high level of committed compliance and were also more internalized. Maternal "Do's" appeared more…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Child Behavior, Compliance (Psychology), Congruence (Psychology)
Development of Mutual Responsiveness Between Parents and Their Young Children
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Kochanska, Grazyna; Aksan, Nazan – Child Development, 2004
This comprehensive study of mutual responsiveness examined 102 mothers and 102 fathers interacting with their children at 7 and 15 months. Responsiveness was studied from developmental and individual differences perspectives, and assessed using macroscopic ratings and microscopic event coding. The latter captured parents' reactions to children's…
Descriptors: Mothers, Fathers, Parent Child Relationship, Individual Differences
Temperament, Relationships, and Young Children's Receptive Cooperation With Their Parents
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Kochanska, Grazyna; Aksan, Nazan; Carlson, Jennifer J. – Developmental Psychology, 2005
The authors studied receptive cooperation--a willing, eager stance toward parents--in 15-month-old children (N=101) in broadly ranging contexts. Children's anger proneness and parents' responsiveness (both observed at 7 months) and children's attachment security (assessed in Strange Situation at 15 months) were examined as predictors of children's…
Descriptors: Psychological Patterns, Cooperation, Attachment Behavior, Personality Traits
Pathways to Conscience: Early Mother-Child Mutually Responsive Orientation and Children's Moral Emotion, Conduct, and Cognition
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Kochanska, Grazyna; Forman, David R.; Aksan, Nazan; Dunbar, Stephen B. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2005
Background: Associations between early mother-child mutually responsive orientation (MRO) and children's conscience have been previously established, but the mechanisms accounting for those links are not understood. We examined three such mediational mechanisms: (a) the child's enhanced enjoyment of interactions with the mother, (b) increased…
Descriptors: Mothers, Parent Child Relationship, Anxiety, Moral Development