We use novel information about fixture-specific water lead levels (WLLs) in Portland, Oregon schools to explore inequalities in students' potential for exposure to lead in drinking water at school. We find that Black and Hispanic students were in classrooms with higher WLLs than white students primarily because they attended different schools. The…

The underrepresentation of women and racial and ethnic minorities in computer science (CS) and other fields of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) is a serious impediment to technological innovation as well as an affront to fundamental notions of fairness and equity. These gaps emerge in the early grades and tend to persist, if not…

Using a data set exclusively prepared for and licensed to them by the College Board, the authors examined the growth of the Advanced Placement program in foreign languages and overall trends in regard to the number of candidates who sat for the foreign language exams, their gender, their scores, and their ethnicity over the 36-year period covering…

Although a variety of studies have indicated that using statistical clustering techniques to examine genetic information may allow for geographically based groupings of individuals that tenuously map onto some conceptions of race, these studies have also indicated that the amount of genetic variation within these groupings is significantly larger…

African-American representation in doctoral programs from 1970 through the mid-1990s was examined through recent literature. Although the number of doctorates awarded to African Americans has increased, the percentage awarded to this group is constant. Economic disparity along racial and gender lines persists and, increasingly, a professional…

Results of this study of Black college freshmen indicate that usual admission requirements penalize Blacks even though their experiences often build talents not recognized. Academic counselling helps Blacks on White campuses. College enrollment is increasing faster among Blacks than for Whites, particularly in Southern and/or White public…

Examines the results of the Los Angeles School District's desegregation efforts during the first year (1978-79) of its court ordered desegregation plan. Also considers current desegregation programs in terms of the 1963 "Crawford" decision and the commitment made to racially isolated schools in the current plan. (Author/GC)

Offers an overview of the explanatory factors of ethnic segregation and spatial concentration in modern welfare states. Traditional theories, behavioral theories, and theories in which restraints are central are reviewed, and restructuring processes are explored in light of economic change. The future of ethnic segregation is outlined. (SLD)

The California State Department of Education collects racial and ethnic data on public school staff and students in California in October of each year through the California Basic Educational Data System (CBEDS). This report presents a summary of the data for the State and for each county. The following characteristics are noted: (1) of the 4.5…

Research using measures of racial exposure has been appearing with increasing frequency in the literature on race relations. A methodological analysis finds the following problems with these measures: (1) they fail to characterize meaningfully the actual composition of sub-areas; (2) a particular exposure value can describe a wide variety of…

Television is an integral part of American culture, and has the ability to play a major role in shaping belief systems, particularly for the youngest and most impressionable viewers. This study is the third annual study of diversity of characters in prime time television programming. The study examined the first two episodes of each prime time…

Metropolitan development is not simply a result of ecological factors. Governmental organization affects the incentives of localities and helps determine patterns of growth. This study updates previous studies on factors influencing residential area income inequality. Modification of the variables in the ecological explanation will increase…

This article examines the phenomena of overrepresentation in light of the diversity of Asian subgroups using disaggregated data from one large urban school district with a high enrollment of Asian and Pacific American students. Data suggest differences in identification rates among subgroups. Literature-based explanations are offered for over and…

A number of policy studies on school segregation are reviewed in this article, intended for school district administrators and policy makers who must assess the segregative effects of their own school systems' policies and practices. Two types of studies are considered, the first concerning the racial/ethnic mix of pupils, and the second…

A review of the literature on residential segregation reveals that Blacks remain the most segregated group in American cities, despite the more recent arrival of Hispanic and Asian groups. By one measure--the index of dissimilarity with respect to Whites--Blacks are 1.6 times more segregated than Hispanics, and twice as segregated as Asians. Race…