This report presents results from questionnaires administered to a range of individuals (N=41) involved in the organization and management of college provision for secondary pupils as well as questionnaires administered to S3 and S6 secondary students (N=863) within Scotland's Lothian Region concerning the effectiveness of college provision,…

To have any real chance of success in the workplace or in college, high school students must regularly engage in more rigorous, intellectually challenging work and must make more progress during their high school years than they do now. This report, presented to the California Senate Standing Committee on Education, states that in California,…

Barriers which may prevent Mexican American women from participating in higher education include: sex role restrictions, low socioeconomic status, lack of parental financial support, "culture shock," and traditional admissions criteria. Programs designed to provide financial and motivational support are desirable to help break down the…

This document discusses barriers that impede the progress and participation of Hispanic American students in mathematics and science education, and recommends extensive educational reforms. Following an introduction, the first of two main sections reviews the current Hispanic American underrepresentation in mathematics and science and describes…

This report combines syntheses of prior research with new analyses of previously collected data to address trends for minority group participation in higher education over the past 25 years. Two chapters focus on the aggregate impact of individual choices and behaviors in college attendance. Chapter 1 describes trends in minority enrollment and…

An overview of innovative curriculum programs to increase student retention, with a focus on vocational instruction, is presented in this paper. The Pennsylvania Dauphin County Technical School is described, which utilizes a practical performance-oriented approach and individualized instruction in a vocation clusters system. The review of research…

This paper discusses the key role of information in helping minority group parents and students gain access to postsecondary education and offers a descriptive framework for understanding information needs and availability. The framework is a taxonomy of the kinds and types of information needed by students and parents in order for the student to…

This chapter draws on an extensive literature review to examine factors that influence the access and achievement of American Indians and Alaska Natives in higher education. American Indians are less likely to attend college than other U.S. ethnic groups. This underrepresentation is partly due to precollege attributes: low scores on college…

In 1984 the California Legislature enacted Assembly Concurrent Resolution 83 (ACR 83), which established specific goals for enhancing the participation and success in postsecondary education of students from economic, racial, and ethnic backgrounds historically underrepresented in higher education. The Postsecondary Education Commission was…

The history of learning assistance (e.g., courses, tutorials, and counseling) in U.S. senior colleges is traced, starting with the period 1830-1875. With the establishment of New York University in 1830 came a growth of liberal education over classical training and a new emphasis on instruction in English and preparatory education. When the 1862…

This article describes what is known from prior research about the impact of student financial aid program design, operations, and marketing on the formation of family (including parents' and children's) college-going aspirations, expectations, and plans, and the resulting college-going behaviors of potential students. The review focuses on the…

This book offers a perspective on the science education enterprise that individuals can use as they attempt to understand what happens in science classrooms and what should happen. This book is a historical account of ideas in science education that covers the time period from approximately the middle of the nineteenth century to 1991. How science…

The rapid growth of student consumerism in higher education is examined, including increased litigation against colleges by students and expanded federal efforts to protect student interests by regulating institutions. The consequences on teaching and learning of the escalating competition for student customers is analyzed. Chapters discuss: the…

A review of literature on declining Black student achievement attributes the problem to a hostile campus environment, competition with military service, reduced student aid, changes in Black males, poor preparation, choice of work over education, family deterioration, drug use, negative attitudes and behavior, and lack of Black leadership. (MSE)

This paper reviews research related to effective secondary school programs aimed at dropout prevention and increasing college enrollment rates for at-risk Latino youth. The review identifies programs that have demonstrated a significant impact on dropout rates, college attendance, school performance, or related outcomes in rigorous evaluations;…