Summarizes the historical evolution of both the legal and moral arguments surrounding affirmative action in higher education. Discusses black higher education institutions and black scholars, desegregation and the Civil Rights Movement, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, admissions quotas, and the connection between law and educational policy. (MKA)

Addresses speech codes, admissions policies, and curriculum reform as areas of great debate and complication as they relate to political correctness (PC). Although its main goal has been to increase diversity awareness on campus, the author posits PC has taken a superficial approach to complex debates. (JBJ)

Books in the Opposing Viewpoints Series present debates about current issues that can be used to teach critical reading and thinking skills. The varied opinions in each book examine different aspects of a single issue. The topics covered in this volume explore the racial and ethnic tensions that concern many Americans today. The racial divide…

In the last 10 years, women's gender-equity reports have increased in number. Some theorists perceive quantitative procedures as "masculine" and qualitative procedures as "feminine." To refute this dichotomy, over 200 equity research reports produced between 1981 and 1991 were examined in a mini-meta analysis to identify the…

Despite the current need for strong leadership skills to facilitate task achievement, individual development, and social action in an increasingly complex society, women are failing to make significant headway in educational administration. Lack of leadership opportunities for women limits both individual and organizational potential. The problem…

This document is part of a series designed to help counselors and counselor educators consider their knowledge of and attitudes toward the sex-limited status of women. This guide, written to help counselors increase their knowledge of and sensitivity to sex bias, presents a brief discussion of the issues relevant to counseling women and girls,…

Testing in the United States has had a checkered history since tests were developed and used at the beginning of this century. In the earlier part of the century, test results were used to justify the exclusion of immigrants from parts of Europe. More recently, they have come under attack as restricting the access of blacks to jobs and education.…

Victims of both racial and sex discrimination, women of color face special obstacles to achieving success and equity. If the perspectives of women of different ethnic heritages never enter the realm of academic discourse, it makes these perspectives invisible. The dominant culture has no knowledge of what it is missing. (MLW)

Academic acceptance of American Sign Language (ASL) and its speakers can be achieved if higher education institutions make affirmative action training and employment commitments to deaf individuals. (CB)

While the progress made by women in medicine and other fields seems promising, it nonetheless fails to meet the rising expectations created by various legal actions and legislation. People must begin to recognize the social and economic costs of continued discrimination against women and others. (Author)

This paper examines the current status of women in educational administration generally, and in art/art education administration specifically; summarizes some studies on the characteristics of women in administration; discusses constructs and programs for achieving parity with men in administration; and makes recommendations for changing the…

Presents an overview of recent approaches to management and examines the ethical implications of using these approaches. Applies elements of these innovative systems to three cases that are both managerially and ethically complex. Claims that new processes must be developed to address ethical issues as part of all management decisions. (RJM)

Examines legal decisions regarding affirmative action in higher education. Profiles several important court decisions and looks at race-based admission, class action suits, and the personal liability of admission counselors. Argues that historical discrimination should not influence admissions decisions and cautions schools not to consider race…

Reviews current minority involvement in higher learning. Presents components of effective retention strategies, including administrative commitment, financial resources, student services, curricula, personnel, and timeliness of intervention. Suggests a comprehensive approach to improve minority achievement and redefines matriculation expectations.…

Examines how racism affects the recruitment and retention of minority group students to the field of social work. Case studies illustrate problems of minority college students related to poor educational preparation, economic hardship, social isolation, unintended consequences of affirmative action, and difficulties with faculty. Lists enrollment…