Careers guidance is undergoing rapid and radical changes. However, the Careers Service is still operating to nationally agreed core training objectives which determine both initial training and supervisor training. Outlines recent changes influencing guidance practice and training, and identifies the predominant mode of current supervision within…

Several years of research support a differentiated system of supervision in which teachers can choose from among four different supervision styles. With the clinical style, intense observation and feedback is conducted by a trained supervisor. Cooperative professional development consists of small teams of peers working together for their mutual…

The focus of the literature in this review is on schools of education and teacher educators. References are included on major works on the topics, and central questions and issues are raised. The factors which make it difficult to arrive at consensus about the quality of teaching in higher education are outlined along with various definitions of…

Presents basic assumptions and a brief overview of conventional monocratic administrative theories, then contrasts it with the alternative collegial style. Demonstrates the need for training in the alternative style by reviewing studies showing improved teaching environment and student learning as a result of this approach. (JAC)

Various views of clinical supervision are analyzed and examined. The "process" definition of clinical supervision emphasizes an eight-step cycle of supervision. Clinical supervision as "concept" is also considered and seven conceptual elements are examined. (JN)

Both the postpositivistic (Ellis, Ladany, Krengel, and Schult, 1996; Ladany, Hill, Corbett, and Nutt, 1996) and interpretive (Neufeldt, Karno, and Nelson, 1996; Worthen and McNeill, 1996) studies in this special section on supervision research are reviewed from the perspective of rigor and relevancy to the critical questions facing educators and…

This paper summarizes research on teacher attitudes and performance under clinical supervision. The literature for comparative studies of inservice personnel (not student teachers) in elementary and secondary schools was extensively searched. The 19 complete and 4 in-progress studies reported are grouped as follows: (1) attitudes toward…

The purpose of this literature and research review is to synthesize and discuss the process of mentoring in teacher education, and the relationship between the preservice teacher and the college supervisor in a clinical experience. The review concentrates on ways in which college supervisors of preservice teachers can facilitate instructional and…

Literature on the efficacy of university faculty as supervisors of student teachers reveals the general opinion that university supervisors have a low impact on student teachers, and that their role is secondary to that of cooperating teachers. A cause for this is the lack of training to help student teachers respond appropriately to certain…

Literature is reviewed and research is proposed on the supervision of teaching. The literature review on administrative theory in business and education reveals three periods of thought: a period when theories of supervision focused on the producer (the worker or teacher), a period when theories focused on the supervisor-producer relationship, and…

Because independent reading builds the foundation for long-term literacy, administrators must encourage teachers to create a positive attitude toward independent reading in school. Five guidelines can help influence teachers' attitudes toward independent reading: (1) share valuable information concerning independent reading, including current…

The findings of eight reviews of process-product studies are synthesized. Results are organized under the main headings of time, instructional organization, monitoring, management, instruction, and environment. The paper begins with a brief history of research on teacher effectiveness, a description of the process-product paradigm, and a…

Draws on theory and research from education, counseling, and social work to form some preliminary conclusions regarding how race and ethnicity might affect the supervisory relationship. Calls on educational practitioners to fill the research gap on how diversity affects the process of supervision. (Contains 46 footnotes.) (AUTHOR/WFA)

A model for improving school and classroom effectiveness must pay attention to: (1) leadership; (2) school climate; (3) supervision; (4) teacher behaviors; (5) student behaviors; and (6) student achievement. Chapter 1 of this book on effective schools and classrooms introduces these important issues and describes a model incorporating these…

In order to determine adequately how community and technical colleges can work with business and industry to meet the training needs of the existing work force, one must first understand the relationship between lagging productivity and the national economy. In the short run, lagging productivity increases inflation and unemployment, lessens our…